研究目的－本研究旨在探討基層教師工作負荷、學校社會支持（垂直 / 水平）與情緒耗竭間的結構關係與傳導機制。以「工作要求—資源模式」與「資源保存理論」為理論基石，檢視社會支持在耗損歷程中的中介機制。
研究設計/方法/取向－本研究引進後設分析取向結構方程模式（MASEM）的兩階段結構方程模式（TSSEM）進行統計檢定。經由Scopus、Web of Science（WoS）以及 ProQuest等資料庫系統性篩選，最終納入 16 篇獨立實證研究（k = 16），累積總有效樣本數達 18,091 人，整體模型運算採調和平均數（N = 8,912），並於 R 語言環境下運用 metaSEM 套件執行。
研究結果－研究結果顯示：一、教師工作負荷對情緒耗竭具備強烈且顯著的正向直接預測力（Estimate = .385, p < .001），佔總效果 87.5%。二、過度的工作負荷對校園社會資本具有顯著的「侵蝕效應」，會瓦解教師知覺到的垂直與水平支持。三、平行雙中介模型獲得完全支持，但二者所貢獻的總中介效果僅佔 12.5%。
實務意涵－研究證實若不從源頭進行管制，純粹的人際關懷對減緩耗竭的防護力極為有限。建議教育行政機關應落實政策總量管制與實質的「行政減負」；學校團隊應深化「問題解決導向」的工具性垂直支持；基層教師則應突破時間貧窮，主動締結專業學習社群（PLC）。最後，本研究亦針對高異質性的統計效能做出學術反思，並為後續混合研究的導入提出展望。
原創性/價值－本研究突破傳統橫斷面研究的抽樣局限，透過跨國大樣本的 MASEM 分析，精準量化了社會支持的「部分中介」侷限性，為臺灣教育政策的減負倡議提供了堅實的量化實證基礎。

Purpose – This study investigates the structural relationships and mediating mechanisms among teacher workload, school social support (vertical/horizontal), and emotional exhaustion, grounded in the JD-R model and COR theory.
Design/methodology/approach – Applying Two-Stage Structural Equation Modeling (TSSEM) within a MASEM framework, 16 empirical studies (k = 16) with 18,091 participants were integrated. Analysis used the metaSEM package in R, adopting a harmonic mean sample size (N = 8,912) for estimation.
Findings – Results indicate: (1) Workload strongly predicts emotional exhaustion (Estimate = .385, p < .001), accounting for 87.5% of the total effect. (2) Workload exerts a significant "erosion effect" on school social capital. (3) The parallel dual-mediation model is fully supported; vertical (7.4%) and horizontal support (5.1%) act as partial mediators, yet their combined effect (12.5%) highlights the limited protection provided by interpersonal support against workload-induced exhaustion.
Practical implications – Interpersonal support is insufficient to mitigate burnout without source-level workload regulation. Education agencies should enforce policy volume control, while schools should prioritize problem-focused vertical support and teachers should utilize Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) to optimize horizontal capital.
Originality/value – Overcoming the sampling limitations of traditional cross-sectional studies, this research utilizes a large-scale, cross-national MASEM analysis to precisely quantify the limitations of social support as a partial mediator. These findings provide a robust quantitative empirical foundation for administrative reform and policy-driven burden reduction in Taiwan’s education system.

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