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研究生: 陳氏緣
Tran Thi Duyen
論文名稱: 檢視變化時代中台灣與越南的關係 (1992-2017) - 理論爭論和願景
Examining Vietnam and Taiwan Relations in a Challenging Era (1992-2017) - Theoretical Debates and Prospects
指導教授: 劉復國
Liu, Fu-Kuo
口試委員: 陳佩修
Chen, Pei-Hsiu
王冠雄
Wang, Kuan-Hsiung
劉復國
Liu, Fu-Kuo
Holm, David
張中勇
Chang, Chung-Young
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 社會科學學院 - 亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)
International Doctor Program in Asia-Pacific Studies(IDAS)
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 216
中文關鍵詞: 越南台灣中國準外交關係
外文關鍵詞: Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Quasi-diplomatic, Relations
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202000160
相關次數: 點閱:160下載:5
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  • 本文在充滿挑戰的背景下即兩國之間沒有正式的外交關係審視了自1990年代初以來越南與臺灣之間的關係。然而,沒有正式的外交關係並不意味著雙方之間其他合作關係的結束。經過二十多年的發展,越南與臺灣的合作領域日益擴大,取得了可喜的成就。兩國關係各個方面的人與人互動,為這些成就做出了巨大貢獻。
    越南與臺灣的關係在法律上是非官方的,原因是越南堅持「一個中國」政策,而河內已與北京建立了正式外交關係,這可能表明人與人之間的互動對越南-臺灣關係及其關係至關重要。雙方之間永遠不可能是純粹的雙邊關係。但是,通過討論與現實主義,建構主義和外交條件有關的國際關係理論,該研究認為,過去幾十年來,臺灣和越南現在都是真實的故事,它提出了一種新的公式,即與該國建立了准外交關係。雙方的半官方代表處。因此,本研究將通過這一公式來分析雙方之間的關係,回答主要問題:越南和臺灣為什麼在中國施加的壓力下沒有官方政治接觸就能保持穩定的關係,以及中越雙邊關係出現了哪些具體影響?雙方?特別是中國因素如何影響越南與臺灣關係的發展?為了全面瞭解越南與臺灣的關係,該研究還試圖通過三級分析方法來分析越南與臺灣之間的關係,這三類分析方法塑造了越南與臺灣之間的關係。臺灣近二十年來。


    This dissertation examines the relationship between Vietnam and Taiwan since the early 1990s in a challenging context when the two sides do not have official diplomatic relations. Nevertheless, the absence of official diplomatic ties does not mean the end of other cooperative relations between the two sides. After more than two decades, areas of cooperation between Vietnam and Taiwan have increasingly expanded and achieved considerable achievements. These achievements have been greatly contributed by people-to-people interactions in each aspect of relations between the two sides.
    The relationship between Vietnam and Taiwan is legally unofficial due to Vietnam adheres to the “one-China” policy and Hanoi has established official diplomatic relationship with Beijing, it may indicate people-to-people interactions as critical in Vietnam-Taiwan relations and the relationship between the two sides could never be purely bilateral. Nevertheless, by discussing international relations theory related to realism, constructivism and terms of diplomacy, the study argues that the real story now is both Taiwan and Vietnam over the past decades have worked out a new formula that is a quasi-diplomatic relation with the establishment of semi-official representative offices on both sides. Therefore, the study will analyze the relationship between the two sides by this formula to answer major questions why can Vietnam and Taiwan maintain a stable relationship without official political contacts under the pressure imposed by China and what are specific impacts emerging in the bilateral relations between the two sides? especially, how does China factor impact on the development of Vietnam-Taiwan relations? In order to have a comprehensive picture of Vietnam-Taiwan relations, the study also tries to analyze the relationship between the two sides through a three-level analysis approach including regional level, national level, and community level which have shaped the relationship between Vietnam and Taiwan over the past two decades.

    Abstract I
    Acknowledgments II
    Table of contents III
    List of tables VI
    List of figures VII
    List of abbreviations VIII
    Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1
    1.1. Background and significance of the study 1
    1.2. Research motivation 13
    1.3. Objectives of the study 15
    1.4. Research questions 15
    1.5. Methodology and material sources 16
    1.6. Delimitations and limitation of the study 19
    1.7. Organization of the study 20
    Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 21
    2.1. Literature review 21
    2.2. Theoretical framework 29
    2.2.1. Levels of analysis 29
    2.2.2. Key concepts in international relations theory 31
    Chapter 3: VIETNAM-TAIWAN RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF EAST ASIAN REGIONAL COOPERATION 41
    3.1. Overview of regional cooperation in East Asia 41
    3.1.1. Economic cooperation 41
    3.1.1.1. Southeast Asia economic cooperation: ASEAN Economic Community 41
    3.1.1.2. Northeast Asia economic cooperation: Japan-China-South Korea 44
    3.1.1.3. East Asia economic cooperation: ASEAN + 1, ASEAN + 3 and EAS 48
    3.1.2. Military-security cooperation 53
    3.2. Vietnam and Taiwan in regional cooperation in East Asia 56
    3.2.1. Vietnam’s participation in regional cooperation in East Asia 56
    3.2.2. Taiwan’s policy and strategy in the context of East Asian economic integration 60
    3.3. Impacts of regional cooperation on Vietnam-Taiwan relations 66
    3.3.1. Economic impacts 66
    3.3.2. Politico-security impacts 67
    Chapter 4: VIETNAM-TAIWAN RELATIONS IN THE VIETNAM-CHINA-TAIWAN TRILATERAL RELATIONS 71
    4.1. A brief history of Vietnam-Taiwan relations 71
    4.2. Overview of Vietnam-China relations 74
    4.2.1. Politico-diplomatic relations 74
    4.2.2. Economic relations 85
    4.2.3. Impacts of Vietnam-China relations on Vietnam-Taiwan relations 91
    4.3. Overview of Cross-Strait relations 93
    4.3.1. Politico-diplomatic relations 93
    4.3.2. Economic relations 101
    4.3.3. Impacts of Cross-Strait relations on Vietnam-Taiwan relations 103
    Chapter 5: THE REALITY OF VIETNAM-TAIWAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND SOCIO-CULTURAL EXCHANGES (1992-2017) 105
    5.1. Vietnam-Taiwan economic relations 105
    5.1.1. Trade relations 105
    5.1.1.1. Two-way trade turnover between 1992 and 2017 105
    5.1.1.2. Structure of import-export by products between Vietnam and Taiwan114
    5.1.2. Taiwan’s investment in Vietnam 117
    5.1.2.1. Investment volume 117
    5.1.2.2. Scale and growth rate of Taiwanese investment in Vietnam 121
    5.1.2.3. Fields of investment 124
    5.1.2.4. Forms of investment and geographical distribution 125
    5.2. Socio-cultural exchanges and human resource cooperation between Vietnam and Taiwan 128
    5.2.1. Cultural and academic exchanges between Vietnam and Taiwan 128
    5.2.2. Educational and training cooperation between Vietnam and Taiwan 129
    5.2.3. Labor cooperation between Vietnam and Taiwan 134
    5.2.3.1. Vietnam and Taiwan’s needs in the labor cooperation 135
    5.2.3.2. Situations of Vietnamese labor exports to Taiwan 135
    5.2.3.3. The problems of runaway workers 139
    5.2.3.4. Vietnam and Taiwan’s measures to reduce the number of Vietnamese runaway workers 145
    5.3. Economic and socio-cultural interests of Vietnam-Taiwan relations 148
    5.3.1. Economic interests 148
    5.3.2. Socio-cultural interests 149
    Chapter 6: OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF VIETNAM-TAIWAN RELATIONS 153
    6.1. An overall assessment of Vietnam-Taiwan relations 153
    6.1.1. Achievements 153
    6.1.2. Limitations 157
    6.2. Factors impacting on the future prospects of Vietnam-Taiwan relations 159
    6.2.1. Positive factors 159
    6.2.1.1. Regional deep integration as an unreversed trend 159
    6.2.1.2. Vietnam’s strengthening foreign policies 163
    6.2.1.3. Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy 169
    6.2.2. Challenging factors 173
    6.2.2.1. China’s policy towards Taiwan 173
    6.2.2.2. Strategic and politico-security unrest in East Asia 176
    6.2.2.3. The South China Sea disputes .179
    6.3. Prospects of Vietnam-Taiwan relations 182
    Chapter 7: CONCLUSION: TOWARD A COOPERATIVE PARTNERSHIP 185
    7.1. Conclusion 185
    7.2. Recommendations for further stimulating the Vietnam - Taiwan relationship in the Asian new context 190
    7.2.1. Regarding trade relations 190
    7.2.2. Regarding investment cooperation 192
    7.2.3. Regarding labor cooperation 192
    7.2.4. Regarding educational and cultural cooperation 193
    7.3. Policy implications 194
    7.4. Contributions of the dissertation 196
    REFERENCES 199
    APPENDIXES 209

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    Tran, Thi Duyen (2016). Vietnam seeks to strengthen US ties amid continuing friction with China. Journal of Strategic Vision for Taiwan Security, 5(25), 13-17.
    Tran, Thi Duyen (2017). Human resource cooperation between Vietnam and Taiwan: Situations, problems and solutions. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 3(5), 110-116. This paper is the condensed section of chapter 5 of the dissertation.
    Tran, Thi Duyen, Vu Quy Son & Luong Ngoc Ha (2018). Taiwan’s new southbound policy and its impact on the Taiwan-Vietnam cooperation. Vietnam Review of Northeast Asian Studies, 7(1), 22-32.
    Trinh, Quoc Hung (2013). Hợp tác kinh tế Việt Nam - Đài Loan: Thực trạng, vấn đề và triển vọng, (Vietnam-Taiwan economic cooperation: Situations, issues and prospects). Review of Chinese Studies, 139(3), 60-74.
    Truong, Minh Vu (2015). The politics of ‘struggling co-evolution’: trade, power and vision in Vietnam’s relations with China. The Asian Forum, http://www.theasanforum.org/the-politics-of-struggling-co-evolution-trade-power-and-vision-in-vietnams-relations-with-china/.
    Truong, Hoang Thuy Van (2011). Quan hệ kinh tế giữa hai bờ eo biển Đài Loan trong 10 năm đầu thế kỷ 21 (Cross-Strait economic relations in the first 10 years of the 21st century). Chinese Studies Review, 122(10), 63-70.
    Truong, Hoang Thuy Van (2013). Tình hình Đài Loan và quan hệ hai bờ năm 2012, triển vọng năm 2013 (Taiwan situation and Cross-Strait relation in 2012, prospects for 2013). Chinese Studies Review, 140(4), 53-64.
    Tsai, Hong-chin (1991). Foreign workers in Taiwan: demographic characteristics, related problems and policy implications. Industry of Free China, 76(3), 53 - 69.
    Tsay, Ching-Lung (2015). Migration between Southeast Asia and Taiwan: Trends, characteristics and implications. Journal of ASEAN Studies, 3(2), 68-92.
    Ueki, Chikako Kawakatsu (2011). Prospects for regional security cooperation in East Asia. Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, No. 16, 45-58.
    Vo, Hai Thanh (2008). Prospects for Vietnam-Taiwan economic relations after Vietnam joining WTO. Vietnam review of Northeast Asian Studies, No. 3.
    Vu, Thuy Duong (2016). Quan hệ hai bờ eo biển Đài Loan thời kỳ quy hoạch 5 năm lần thứ XIII (Cross-Strait relations during the 13rd 5-year planning period). Chinese Studies Review, 179(7), 55-64.
    Vu, Thuy Duong (2017a). Quan hệ thương mại, đầu tư giữa Việt Nam và Đài Loan: Thực trạng, vấn đề và triển vọng (Trade, investement relations between Vietnam and Taiwan: The reality, problems and prospects). Chinese Studies Review, 192(8), 67-76.
    Vu, Thuy Duong (2017b). Một số vấn đề nổi bật trong quan hệ hai bờ eo biển Đài Loan năm 2016 và triển vọng năm 2017 (Some outstanding issues in Taiwan Strait relations in 2016 and prospects for 2017). Chinese Studies Review, 187(3), 57-66.
    Walt, Stephen M. (1988). Testing theories of alliance formation: The case of Southwest Asia. International Organization, 42(2), 275-316.
    Wendt, Alexander (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics. International organization, 46(2), 933-425.
    Wolff, Stefan (2007). Para-diplomacy: Scope, Opportunities and Challenges. The Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs, Spring,141-50.
    Wong, John (2012). East Asian economic cooperation: Lessons for South American regionalism. EAI Working paper, No. 160, <https://research.nus.edu.sg/eai/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/EWP160.pdf>.
    Wong, Danny Tze Ken (2006). “A fine balancing act: Vietnam negotiating between China and Taiwan,” in Ho Khai Leong and Hou Kok Chung (eds.), Ensuring interest: Dynamics of China-Taiwan relations and Southeast Asia, Institute of China Studies, University of Malaya.
    Wu, Linjin (2008), Taiwan and the ASEAN Economic Community: A Context for Economic Statecraft in an Asian Regional Free Trade Area. Issues & Studies, No. 4, 99 - 128.
    Yasuhiro, Matsuda (2017). Cross-Strait relations under the Ma Ying-jeou administration: From economic to political dependence. Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 4(2), 3-35.
    Yang, Alan H. (2016). Contextualizing Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy in ASEAN community: The need to prioritize mutual interests. Prospect Journal, No. 16, 25-48.
    Yuan, Jingdong (2016). Cross-Strait relations 2008-2016: Progress, problems and prospects. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 4(2), 187-216.
    Zachary, Abuza (1996). Vietnam-Taiwan relations: Convergence and divergence. Issues & Studies, 32(7), 109-128.
    Zhao, Suisheng (2011). China’s approaches toward regional cooperation in East Asia: Motivation and calculations. Journal of Contemporary China, 20(68), 53-67.
    International Conference Papers
    Chiang, Johnny C. and Chen Sheng Ho (2007). Strengthening of Taiwan – Vietnam trade relations through APEC. The international workshop economic cooperation between Vietnam and Taiwan in the context of East Asia economic integration, 1 Feb 2007, Hanoi, Vietnam.
    Claude, Barfield (2011). Taiwan and East Asian regionalism. Toward a Strong, Prosperous and Enduring Democracy Conference, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC. November 10, 2011.
    College of International Affairs (2017). The new Southbound policy and changing international environment. International Conference, National Chengchi University, 2 May 2017.
    Dang, Nguyen Anh (2007). Labor Export from Viet Nam: Issues of policy and practice, paper for presentation. The 8th International Conference of Asia Pacific Migration Research Network (APMRN), Fuzhou, China, May 25-29, 2007.
    Dent, Christopher M. (2004). Taiwan and the new regional political economy of East Asia. Paper presented at the first European Association of Taiwan studies conference, SOAS, London, 17-18 April 2004.
    Fukuda, Madoka (2018). The current situation and prospects for Taiwan under the Tsai Ing-wen administration. Paper presented to Japanese Views on China and Taiwan: implications for US-Japan alliance, March 1, 2018, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington, DC., US.
    Hac, Xuan Canh (2011). Những nhân tố thúc đẩy sự hình thành và phát triển quan hệ hợp tác giữa Đài Loan và Việt Nam (Factors promoting the formation and development of cooperation between Taiwan and Vietnam). International conference on “Vietnam-ASEAN-Taiwan relations”, Hue University, August 28-30, 2011.
    Maria, Strasakova (2017). Sino-Vietnamese Relations: Accommodating the Dragon? Paper presented at ISA International Conference, Hong Kong the Pacific Century? 15-18 June 2017, University of Hong Kong.
    Severino, Rodolfo C. (2008). Taiwan’s economic relations with Southeast Asia. Paper presented at the 1st Taiwan-East Asia Conference on Free Trade Agreement, organized by the Institute of International Relations, National Chengchi University and the Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs, October 11, 2008, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Takeshi, Yuzawa (2014). ASEAN in the era of Japan-China tensions: Diplomatic opportunities or strategic dilemmas? Paper prepared for the 2014 Goh Keng Swee Command and Staff College Seminar, October 9-10, 2014, Singapore.
    Thayer, Carlyle. (2008). Upholding state sovereignty through global integration: The remarking of Vietnamese national security policy. Workshop on ‘Vietnam, East Asia and beyond’, University of Hong Kong, December 11-22, 2008, Hong Kong.
    Thayer, Carlyle. (2009). Recent Developments in the South China Sea. International Workshop on ´The South China Sea: Cooperation for Regional Security and Development Co-organized by Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam, November 26-28, Hanoi, Vietnam.
    Thayer, Carlyle A. (2012). Deference/ Defiance: Southeast Asia, China and the South China Sea. Paper to the Workshop, The Deer and the Dragon: Southeast Asian and China in the 21st Century, November 15-16, Singapore.
    Thayer, Carlyle A. (2015). Vietnamese diplomacy, 1975-2015: From member of the Socialist camp to proactive international integration. International conference Vietnam: 40 years of reunification, development and integration (1975-2015), April 25, 2015, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong, Vietnam.
    Tung, Chen-Yuan (2009). The East Asian economic integration regime and Taiwan’s strategy. The 11th ASEAN-ISIS-IIR/Taiwan Dialogue Conference on the Implication of Global Economic Crisis for Regional Cooperation: New approaches and new opportunities, Yi-Lan, Taiwan, September 14-16, 2009.
    Tran, Quang Minh (2011). Two decades of Taiwan’s FDI in Vietnam – An analysis and assessment. Paper presented at Seminar on “Taiwan-Vietnam Economic Cooperation Towards the 2015 Vision of ASEAN Economic Integration”, August 16th, Hanoi, Vietnam.
    Tran, Ngoc Them (2006). The relationship between Mainland China-Vietnam-Taiwan from cultural perspective. Paper presented at International Conference on Accelerating Vietnam-Taiwan relations in both width and depth, Chinan University.
    Yeh, Chang-chen (2011). Towards the multi-track economic liberalization and integration in East Asia: Prospects of Taiwan-Vietnam economic cooperation. Paper presented at Seminar on Taiwan-Vietnam economic cooperation towards the 2015 vision of ASEAN economic integration, August 16th, Hanoi, Vietnam.
    Master Thesis and Doctoral Dissertations
    Mikael, Weissmann (2009). Understanding the East Asian peace: Informal and formal conflict prevention and peacebuilding in the Taiwan strait, the Korean Peninsula, and the South China Sea 1990-2008 (Doctoral dissertation in peace and development research). University of Gothenburg.
    Nguyen, Thanh Trung (2016). Accommodating the Dragon: Vietnam’s enduring asymmetric entanglements with China (Doctoral dissertation of Philosophy). Hong Kong Baptist University.
    Nguyen, Thi Hai Yen (2015). Sino-American interactions in Southeast Asia 1991-2015: Implications for Vietnam (Doctoral dissertation of Philosophy). University of Wollongong, Australia.
    Siau, Jia Jia (2013). East Asian economic integration and Taiwan - Taiwan’s space in regionalism (Doctoral dissertation of Philosophy). Hiroshima University.
    Yang, Meng Hsuan (2012). The great exodus: Sojourn, Nostalgia, return, and identity formation of Chinese mainlanders in Taiwan, 1940s - 2000s (Doctoral dissertation of Philosophy). The University of British Columbia.
    Yang, Tingting (2017). Southeast Asian’s relations with Taiwan, 2000-2016: An assessment of Vietnam and Singapore (Master thesis). Naval Postgraduate school, Monterey, California.

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