本研究旨在探討語句的處理是否會因不同的情緒詞類、人稱指涉、及社會認知能力的個體差異而產生影響。過去有諸多探討情緒語言的心理與神經語言學實驗，但大多是在單詞層級。本研究針對句子層級，檢視語言理解者如何處理文句語境中的情緒詞。情緒詞彙可分二類：情緒標籤詞 (emotion-label words)，詞彙語意直接指涉特定情緒，像是「快樂的」、「悲傷的」；情緒負載詞 (emotion-laden words) ，在詞語字面意義之上隱含情緒意涵，像是「光明的」、「灰暗的」。而情緒與他人或自身相關，在語言中透過與之搭配的人稱指涉詞來表述 (self- vs.
other-relevant)；以不同人稱觀點來表述是否會影響情緒語言的處理仍未知。此外，過去文獻指出社會認知能力會影響個人情緒訊息的接收及語句內容的處理，故此研究也檢視此個體差異因素如何左右情緒語言的處理歷程。

本研究包含兩項前測實驗及一項主要實驗。前測一為線上問卷，請臺灣華語母語者將形容詞歸類至情緒標籤或情緒負載詞，用來建構主實驗的刺激材料句。前測二為自然通順程度的評分問卷，確保各條件語句對母語者來說皆自然通順且無顯著差異。主實驗為自訂步調閱讀任務，以閱讀時長 (reading times, RTs) 推測理解歷程、並以自閉症量表指數衡量個人社會認知能力。實驗結果顯示，情緒詞類及社會認知能力的個體差異對句子的即時處理皆產生顯著影響。語句中情緒標籤詞的閱讀時間長於情緒負載詞，可能是由於閱讀文句語境中的情緒標籤詞時，理解者除了建構整體句意表徵，還須處理額外的情緒意涵，因此引起較長的閱讀時間；反之，人們在文句語境中可能較容易忽略情緒負載詞隱含的情緒意涵，僅處理字面層次的意義。此外，社會認知能力較低者閱讀語句時的時間較長（與社會認知能力較高者相比），顯示了情緒語句處理上的困難；推測與整合語句內容（包含情緒詞及人稱指涉）的速度較慢、及忖度他人/自身心理狀態的能力較弱有關。或者，也可能是由於社會認知能力較低者閱讀態度較為謹慎造成。另一方面，人稱指涉的效果在實驗檢視的關鍵情緒詞區未達顯著，顯示了此因素對情緒語句的處理歷程沒有影響。

本研究將情緒詞帶入語句中，觀察在不同人稱指涉下、不同社會認知能力者的閱讀理解歷程，補充了在語句層次處理情緒語言的實驗結果，同時揭示社會認知個體差異的影響，予現有之理論提供實證回饋。未來研究或許可進一步探討情緒語言與人稱指涉的交互作用，以及多方探討語句中情緒訊息的處理。

The present study aims to investigate the real-time comprehension of emotional sentences, by manipulating emotional Word Type, Personal Reference, and social
cognitive ability (SCA). While previous experimental studies have demonstrated an effect of emotional word type on processing at the lexical level, the current study targets
the processing of emotional word type at the sentential level. Emotional words can be categorized into two types: emotion-label words that refer to emotional states (e.g.,
happy, sad), and emotion-laden words that imply certain emotion alongside their semantic denotation (e.g., bright, dark). Meanwhile, emotional words typically predicate individuals, related to others or ourselves. It remains unclear if taking different perspectives to comprehend emotional word types would factor into processing. Additionally, previous work has suggested that individual SCA affects the perception of emotional words and sentence processing. I therefore examine if the processing of emotional sentences modulated by emotional word types would vary with this individual difference.

The present thesis comprises two norming studies and the main self-paced reading experiment. Norming Study 1 was an online questionnaire that asked native speakers of Taiwanese Mandarin to categorize adjectives into different Word Types. The categorized words were then used to construct experimental sentences. Norming Study 2 assessed the naturalness of experimental sentences in an online questionnaire to ensure the feasible stimuli. The ensuing main experiment adopted a self-paced reading task with a moving-window paradigm to measure reading times (RTs) to probe real￾time processing; the participants took the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) as a measurement of individual SCA. Results showed a significant effect of emotional Word
Type, such that sentences with emotion-laden words had shorter RTs than the counterparts with emotion-label words. I posited that in comprehending sentences containing emotion-label words, participants were tasked not only with constructing semantic representations but also with integrating emotional properties into the sentences. On the contrary, in sentences containing emotion-laden words, people may overlook the underlying emotional properties and focus solely on processing the literal meanings. Additionally, the effect of individual SCA was also significant, indicating longer RTs for those with lower SCA. This phenomenon is potentially influenced by Personal Reference and emotional Word Type. More crucially, the weaker ability to integrate sentence contents and empathize with or reflect on others’ and one’s own mind states may also contribute to this effect. Alternatively, it could be because people with lower SCA are more careful readers. However, the main effect of Personal Reference did not reach significance in the target emotion-word region examined in the experiment, indicating that Personal Reference does not influence the processing of emotional sentences.

This research integrates emotional words into sentences to observe the processes of reading comprehension from different perspectives and with different levels of SCA,
advancing our understanding of emotion language processing. Future study could further clarify the interaction between emotional expressions and personal reference, delving deeper into the processing of sentences containing emotional information.

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