「綠色」已成為21世紀的希望，但「命令與管制」只能除弊，無法塑造希望。因此，環境管理已逐漸掀起「創新」的浪潮，美國EPA推動的“Bubble”與“Offset”，給與企業創新的空間；Porter & Linde （1995）的研究，也指出好的環保法規可以促使企業產生「綠色創新」；SONY更用資源生產力的觀念，來創新其產品。但「綠色創新」究竟如何推展才能成功？組織要如何運作成功機會才會增大？還需進一步探討，這也是本研究的目的。

為了探討這些問題，本研究先探討有關「綠色」與「創新管理」的文獻，並試圖用組織理論，經由個案研究去架構兩者的關係。由於本研究統計國內獲得「環保標章」的產品中，電子產品最所佔比率相當大，這顯示該產業較強勁的「綠色創新」能力。本研究乃由電腦與家電業中，挑選五家曾獲得國內外「綠色標章」的公司深入訪談，經由文獻探討與個案研究相互的激盪後，本研究提出下列建議：

1. 企業應建立「綠色願景」展現「綠色的策略意圖」；

2. 厚積綠色技術能耐，是綠色創新的根本；

3. 建立流暢的資訊流通管道，加速組織學習，可以較早完成綠色創新；

4. 善用「創新管理」與「綠色管理」的知識，可使企業獲得競爭優勢；

5. 建立綠色的「網路創新」策略聯盟的機制，有益於綠色創新工作之推動；

6. 政府應運用公權力，塑造永續不斷的綠色創新環境，包括綠色的市場需求拉力以及鼓勵不斷的綠色創新的法規。

三、英文
1.Abernathy,William J. and James M. Utterback, "Patterns of Industrial Innova ti on", Technology Review,Jun. -Jul. 1 978: 40-4 7。
2.Abernathy,William J. and Kim B.Clark, "Innovation: Mapping the Winds of Creative Destruction", Research Policy,No.14,1985: 3 -22.
3 .Andrews,Richard N.L.,"EPA at Twenty-five", Environmental Science & Technology,VoI.29,No.11,1995:504-52l.
4.Arnold,Frank."Life Cycle Doesn't Work", The Environmental Forum, Sept.lOct. 1993: 19-23.
5.Bahrami,Homa & Stuart Evans. "Flexible Re-Cycling and High-Technology Entrepreneurship", California Management Review VoI.37,No.3 Spring 1995,62-83.
6.Blumenfeld,k.,"Focus on Environment: Managing the Product Life Cycle", Management Review,Mar.1991 :30-31.
7.Bonifant,Benjamin C. et a1. "Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Environmental Investment", Business Horizon /Jul.-Aug. 1995:37-47.
8.Breeden,Kay and Michel Fontaine. "Eco-Quality: Integrating Product Quality and Environmental Performance through Innovation L'orea-A case study", Corporate Quality/Environment Management III: Leadership -Vision to Reality, Conference Proceedings Global Environmental Management Initiative, Washington,D. C., 1993; 79-85.
9.Brehaut,Henry."Environmental management from a corporate perspective", CIM Bulletin,Aug.1991 :63-66.
10. Byl insky, Gene. "Manufacturing for Reuse", Fortune Fe b. 6 1995: 102-112.
11.Cahan,James and Mel Schweiger. "The Key to Integrating EHS into Corporate Decision making and Operations", Corporate Quality/Environment Management III: Leadership -Vision to Reality, Conference Proceedings Global Environmental Management Initiative, Washington,D.C.,1993;45-50.
12.Chandler,M.K. & L.R.Sayles, Managing Large Systems, New York: Harper and Row, 1971.
13 .Chatterji,Deb. "Achieving Leadership in Environmental R&D", Research Technology Management,Mar. -Apr.199 5: 3 7 -42 .
14.Cohen,W.M. and Levinthal,D.A ., "Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vo1.35,1990:128-152.
15. Culp,Eric. "Refrigerator design seek options to CFC insulation", Modern Plastics, May 1993;61-63 。
16.Design for the Environment I Canadian Standard Association, 1994.
17 .Elkington, J. ' "Towards the Sustainable Corporation: Win-Win- Win Business Strategies for Sustainable Development" , California Management Review' Winter 1994:90-100.
18.Field,Frank,"Automobile Design and the Environment", contractor report prepared for the Office of Technology Assessment, May 1991
19.Gladwin,Thomas N." The Meaning of Greening: A Plea for Organizational Theory'" Environmental Strategies for Industry,1994 : 37-62.
20.Green Product by Design ' Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States,P49。
21. Greeno,J .Ladd and S . Noble Ro binson. "Rethinking Corporate Environmental Management", The Columbia Journal of World Business, Fall & Winter 1992:222-232.
22 .Hamel, Gary & C. K.Prahalad, "s trategic Intent", Harvard Business Review, May-June 1989:63-76.
23 .Hamel,Gary & C.K.Prahalad, "The Core Competence of the Corporation" ,Harvard Business Review, May-June 1990.
24.Hayes,David J. "Beyond Cradle-to-Grave", The environmental Forum, Sep./Oct.1993:14-17.
25.Heaton,George R. et al. "Missing Links :Technology and Environmental Improvement in the Ind ustrializing World", World Resources Institute,Oct.1994.
26 .Hu ber, George P. "Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literature." Organization Science 2 1991 :88-109.
27.Hutchinson,Colin."Corporate Strategy and the Environment", Long Rang Planning, Vo1.25.No.4.1992 :9-21.
28.Imai,Ken-ichi et al" Managing the New Product Development Process: How Japanese Companies Learn and Unlearn", The Uneasy Alliance, Harvard Business School Press from Kim B. Clark, Robert H. Hays and Christopher Lerenz,eds., 1985.
29. J ain,R,k. & H. C. Triandis, "Management of Research and Development Organizations", John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,1990.
30. J ohne,F. A. ,Industrial Product Innovation: Organization and Management ( N. Y. : Nichols Publishing Company, 1985 ) p.3.
31.Kashani,Kamran. "Marketing Futures :Priorities for a Turbulent Environment", Long Range Planning Vo1.28 Aug.1995:87-98.
32 .Klafter ,B renda A. et al. "Environmental Benchmarking : AT&T and Intel's Project to Determine the Best-in-Class Corporate Pollution Prevention Programs", Corporate Quality/Environment Management III: Leadership -Vision to Reality, Conference Proceedings Global Environmental Management Initiative, Washington,D. C. 1993; 3 7-44.
33. Kusz,1 ohn Paul. "Ecologically Affirmative Concept Formation :A Deeper Shade of Green", Design Management Journal, Fall 1993;55-60.
34. Lodge, George C. and Jeffrey F . Rayport. "Knee-deep and Rising :America's Recycling Crisis", Harvard Business Review,Sep.-Oct.1991: 128-139.
35 .Maidique,Modesto A.& Robert H. Hayes, "The Art of HighTechnology management", Sloan Management Review, Winter 1984:17-31.
36.Maidique,Modesto A.' "Entrepreneurs, Champions, and Technological Innovation", Sloan Management Review, Winter 1980:59-76.
37. Marquis,Donald G.," The Anatomy of Successful Innovations", Innovation, November 1969.
3 8 .Morone,J oseph G, Winning in Hi-Tech Markets, HB S press,1993 .轉引自 蔡淑梨、溫肇東譯，領導優勢，遠流出版(股)，民國83年3月16日。
39.Nadler,David A.," Concepts for the Management of Organizational Change", Delta Consulting Group,1980&1983.
40.0' B rien,M.P. "Technological Planning & Misplanning", III Technological Planning on the Corporate Level, ed. J.R.Bright Boston, Mass.: Harvard University Press,1962.
41.Peattie,Ken ' Green Marketing' Pitman Publishing' London' 1992. 轉引自 梁錦琳、陳雅玲譯，綠色行銷，牛頓出版公司，民國82年9月。
42.Peters,Thomas,"The Methodology of Innovation, or a Skunkworks Tale, Part II", The Stanford Manazine,1983.
43.Porter,Michael E. and Claas van der Linde. "Green and Competitiveness Ending the Stalemate", Harvard Business Review Sep.-Oct.1995; 120-134.
44.Porter,Michael E., The Competitive Advantage of Nations, The Free Press, New York,1990,p.45.
45.Quinn,1ames Brian, "Managing innovation: controlled chaos", Harvard Business Review, May-June 1985 :73-84.
46 .Roy ,Ro bin. "The evolution of ecodesign", Technovation Vol.14 No.6 1994:363-380.
47 . Sarki s,1 oseph. "Manufacturing Strategy and Environmental Consciousness", Technovation Vol. 15 No.2 1995:79-97.
48.Schon,D.A.,"Champions for Radical New Inventions", Harvard Business Review,Vol.41 1963:77-86.
49 .Schot,1ohan and Kurt Fischer." Environmental Strategies for Industry " , Island Press \Vashington D.C.,1993.
50.Schumperter,J.A .,The Theory of Economic Development, English translation, Harvard University Press,Cambridge ,Mass., 1934,Original German edition 1911.
51.Scott, W.Richard ' Organization :Rational, Natural , and Open System' 3rd edition' Prentice Hall , 1992
52.Simon,Francoise L. "Marking Green Products in the Triad", The Columbia Innovation o f World Bus i n e s s, Fall & Win t e r 1992 : 268 -285.
53. Skea,Jim "Environmental Issues and Innovation", The Hand book of Industrial Innovation, Edited by Mark Dodgson & Roy Rothwell, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited England, 1994: 421-431.
54.Smart,Bruce.Beyond Compliance A New Industry View of the Environment,World Resources Institute ,Apr.1992.
55.Teece,David J. "Profit from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy", Research Policy, 15 1986:285-305
56. Thierry, Martij n et al. "Strategic Issues in Prod uct Recovery Management", California Management Review Vol.3 7,N 0.2 Winter 1995:114-135.
57 .Tushman,Michael L.& Lori Rosenkopf, "Organizational Determinants of Technological Change : Toward a Sociology of Technological Evolution", Research in Organizational Behavior 14 ( 1992 ) :311-347.
58. Tushman,Michael L. & N adler,D. "Organizing for Innovation", California Management Review Vo1.2 8,N 0.3 ,Spring, 1986.
124
59. Tushman,Michael L. & Phi lip Anderson, "Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments", Administrative Science Quarterly,31 ( 1986 ) :439-465.
61. Tushman,Michael L., Wailliam H. Newman & E.Romanelli," Convergence & Vpheavel :Managing the Unsteady Pace of Organizational Evo1ution", California Management Review,Vo1.29,No.1,1986.
62. Van de ven, Andrew H., "Central Problems in the Management of Innovation", Management Science, Volume J2,No.5,May 1986.
63. andermerwe,Sandra and Michael D. Oliff, "Corporate Challenges for an Age of Reconsumption" , The Colum bia Journal of World B llsiness, Fall 1991:6-21.
64. Watanabe,Seichi."Using an Environmental Measurement to Guide Strategy at Sony", Target,S ep .I0ct. 1993,15-19.
65. Wen, Chao-tung. "Developi~g Novon, An Unassailable Environmental Product", Corporate Environmental Strategy,Vo1.2 No.3;31-38 .
66. Wen,Chao-tung.Integrating Environmental Management into Product Development, Ph.D. Dissertation ' Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,Aug.1994.
67. Wheeler,W.A.,"The revival in reverse manufacturing", Journal of Business Strategy,13(4)1992:8-13.
68. Winsem i us,P ieter and Ulrich Guntram. "Responding to the Environmental Challenge", Business Horizons, Mar.-Apr. 1992: 12-
20.
69. Wubbenhorst,William ( under the editorial guidance of James E. Post
et al ) , "Dow Chemical: Environmental Policy and Practice", Managing Environmental Issues: A Casebook, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,1992:211-225.