跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 吳尚恩
Wu, Shang-En
論文名稱: 以組織學習觀點探討金融科技新創加速器之學習行為:以台灣FinTechSpace為例
Exploring the Learning Behaviors of FinTech Startup Accelerators from an Organizational Learning Perspective: A Case Study of Taiwan's FinTechSpace
指導教授: 吳豐祥
口試委員: 蔡政安
楊宗翰
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 商學院 - 科技管理與智慧財產研究所
Graduate Institute of Technology, Innovation and Intellectual Property Management
論文出版年: 2026
畢業學年度: 115
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 102
中文關鍵詞: 金融科技創業生態系統加速器新創加速器組織學習單環學習雙環學習組織學習循環創新生態系統育成中心
外文關鍵詞: FinTech, Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Accelerator, Startup Accelerator, FinTech Startup Accelerator, Organizational Learning, Single-loop Learning, Double-loop Learning, Organizational Learning Cycle, Innovation Ecosystem, Incubator
相關次數: 點閱:7下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 金融產業隨著資訊科技浪潮的推進,已邁入 FinTech 3.0 與 Bank 4.0 時代。在技術演進與政策制度的推動之下,多元化金融場景逐漸形成。由主管機關、金融機構與新創業者共同構成的金融科技生態系統,也在此脈絡下蓬勃發展。然而,基於金融業高度監管的特性,新創團隊普遍傾向與既存金融機構進行合作;與此同時,傳統金融機構也因快速迭代的技術面趨勢,面臨深刻的數位轉型壓力。當新創業者與金融機構發展出日漸深刻的雙向合作需求,新創加速器(Startup Accelerator)的中介者角色之重要性也日益提升。
    在政策、技術與利害關係人需求瞬息萬變的動態生態系統中,加速器必須透過「組織學習(Organizational Learning)」進行動態調適,方能持續發揮輔導新創業者成長的效果。然而,過往文獻多聚焦於新創業者在創業環境中的動態調適,較少對「加速器」本身的組織學習行為進行探討;且國內對加速器研究多屬通用型討論,鮮少針對除了面臨創新技術之高度變動性,還深受產業高度監管特性影響的「金融科技領域」之新創加速器進行深究。
    因此,本論文以我國最具代表性之金融科技新創加速器「金融科技創新園區(FinTechSpace)」做為研究個案,以環境、組織條件、生態系統與組織學習等四構面所形成的研究架構進行個案研究。在方法上結合半結構式訪談與次級資料蒐集,對個案組織進行深度的質性研究,並得到了以下的主要結論 :
    一、金融科技新創加速器在組織學習的過程中,除了在環境面會因為金融業的環境高度變化性而著重對環境的偵測,也會因其自身在生態系統當中的中介者角色,而著重對各方利害關係人需求的洞察。
    二、金融科技新創加速器在組織學習的過程中,會動態調整其組織雙元性(探索與利用)的創新組合。
    三、金融科技新創加速器會因為技術演進與利害關係人需求的轉變,而靈活調整其組織學習的型態。

    四、金融科技新創加速器之營運策略與組織學習行為,會受到高度監管性與合規性需求等制度性因素,以及其是否具官方色彩的組織特性之影響。

    五、金融科技新創加速器的「開放氛圍」、「實驗心態」以及與利害關係人之間的協作等因素,皆會對其組織學習產生促進性的效果。

    六、金融科技新創加速器會透過有效的組織學習,來提升其對於新創業者的加值,並使自身發展出超越傳統加速器的功能。

    本研究最後並提出學術上與實務上的意涵,以及後續研究的建議。


    Driven by the wave of information technology, the financial industry has entered the era of FinTech 3.0 and Bank 4.0. Under the iteration of technology and the shaping of policy, diversified financial scenarios have emerged, and the fintech ecosystem—comprising regulatory authorities, financial institutions, and startups—has flourished within this context. However, based on the highly regulated nature of the financial industry, startups generally tend to cooperate with existing financial institutions; meanwhile, traditional financial institutions also face profound pressures for digital transformation due to rapidly iterating technological trends. As startups and financial institutions develop increasingly deep mutual cooperation demands, the intermediary role of startup accelerators becomes even more critical.
    In a dynamic ecosystem where policies, technologies, and the needs of stakeholders change rapidly, accelerators must engage in dynamic adaptation through "Organizational Learning" to continuously exert their effectiveness in mentoring the growth of startups. However, past literature has mostly focused on the dynamic adaptation of startups within the entrepreneurial environment, with less discussion on the Organizational Learning behavior of "accelerators" themselves; furthermore, domestic research on accelerators mostly consists of general discussions, rarely delving deeply into the fintech field, which, besides facing high volatility in innovative technologies, is heavily influenced by the industry's highly regulated nature.
    Therefore, this thesis specifically focuses on “FinTechSpace”, the most representative fintech startup accelerator in Taiwan. It conducts an in-depth study using a research framework built upon four dimensions: environment, organizational conditions, ecosystem, and Organizational Learning. Methodologically, this study combines semi-structured interviews with secondary data collection to perform a in-depth qualitative analysis of the case, yielding the following primary conclusions:

    1. In the process of Organizational Learning, fintech startup accelerators, in addition to emphasizing environmental scanning due to the high environmental volatility of the financial industry, also focus on insight into the needs of various stakeholders because of their own intermediary role in the ecosystem.
    2. In the process of Organizational Learning, fintech startup accelerators manifest organizational ambidexterity by dynamically recalibrate the balance between exploration and exploitation.
    3. Fintech startup accelerators flexibly adjust their modes of Organizational Learning in accordance with the context of technological evolution and changing stakeholder needs.
    4. The operational strategies and Organizational Learning behaviors of fintech startup accelerators are influenced by institutional factors such as high regulation and compliance requirements, as well as organizational characteristics regarding whether or not they possess an official background.
    5. Factors such as “Climate of Openness”, “Experimental Mindset”, as well as collaboration with stakeholders all facilitate the effectiveness of fintech startup accelerators’ Organizational Learning.
    6. Through effective Organizational Learning, fintech startup accelerators strengthen their value-add to startups and enable themselves to develop functions that transcend traditional accelerators.
    Finally, this study presents academic and practical implications, as well as suggestions for future research.

    第壹章 緒論 1
    第一節 研究背景與動機 1
    第二節 研究目的與問題 3
    第三節 論文結構 4

    第貳章 文獻探討 5
    第一節 金融科技 5
    第二節 金融產業 8
    第三節 創新環境 14
    第四節 加速器 19
    第五節 組織學習 27
    第六節 文獻小結 37

    第參章 研究方法 39
    第一節 研究架構 39
    第二節 研究變項說明 40
    第三節 研究設計 46

    第肆章 個案研究 49
    第一節 個案組織背景 49
    第二節 環境方面 51
    第三節 組織學習方面 54
    第四節 組織條件方面 59
    第五節 生態系統方面 64
    第六節 組織績效方面 69
    第七節 個案研究小結 71

    第伍章 研究發現與討論 75

    第陸章 結論與建議 84
    第一節 研究結論 84
    第二節 實務建議 90
    第三節 學術貢獻 91
    第四節 後續研究建議 93
    參考文獻 94
    附錄一 訪談大綱 100

    一、英文文獻

    Acemoglu, D., Akcigit, U., & Kerr, W. R. (2016). Innovation Network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(41), 11483-11488.
    Adner, R. (2006). Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), 98.
    Adner, R., & Kapoor, R. (2010). Value Creation in Innovation Ecosystems: How the Structure of Technological Interdependence Affects Firm Performance in New Technology Generations. Strategic Management Journal, 31(3), 306-333.
    Alt, R., Beck, R., & Smits, M. T. (2018). FinTech and the Transformation of the Financial Industry. Electronic Markets, 28(3).
    Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1997). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Reis(77/78), 345-348.
    Armanios, D. E., Eesley, C. E., Li, J., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2017). How Entrepreneurs Leverage Institutional Intermediaries in Emerging Economies to Acquire Public Resources. Strategic Management Journal, 38(7), 1373-1390.
    Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2015). The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-crisis Paradigm. Geo. J. Int'l L., 47, 1271.
    Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2016). 150 Years of Fintech: An Evolutionary Analysis. Jassa(3), 22-29.
    Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Cities: Establishing the Framework Conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(5), 1030-1051.
    Autio, E., & Thomas, L. (2014). Innovation Ecosystems: Implications for Innovation Management? In M. Dodgson, D. M. Gann, & N. Phillips (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management (pp. 204-228). Oxford University Press.
    Autio, E., & Thomas, L. D. (2020). Value Co-creation in Ecosystems: Insights and Research Promise From Three Disciplinary Perspectives. In Handbook of Digital Innovation (pp. 107-132). Edward Elgar Publishing.
    Basole, R. C. (2009). Visualization of Interfirm Relations in a Converging Mobile Ecosystem. Journal of Information Technology, 24(2), 144-159.
    Berger, S. (2013). Making in America: From Innovation to Market. MIT Press.
    Caloffi, A., Colovic, A., Rizzoli, V., & Rossi, F. (2023). Innovation Intermediaries' Types and Functions: A Computational Analysis of the Literature. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122351.
    Caloffi, A., Rossi, F., & Russo, M. (2015). The Emergence of Intermediary Organizations: A Network-based Approach to the Design of Innovation Policies. Handbook on Complexity and Public Policy, 314-331.
    Ceccagnoli, M., Forman, C., Huang, P., & Wu, D. (2012). Cocreation of Value in a Platform Ecosystem: The Case of Enterprise Software1. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 263-290.
    Clayton, P., Feldman, M., & Lowe, N. (2018). Behind the Scenes: Intermediary Organizations That Facilitate Science Commercialization Through Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(1), 104-124.
    Cohen, S. (2013). What Do Accelerators Do? Insights From Incubators and Angels. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 8(3), 19-25.
    Cohen, S., Fehder, D. C., Hochberg, Y. V., & Murray, F. (2019). The Design of Startup Accelerators. Research Policy, 48(7), 1781-1797.
    Cohen, S. L. (2014). Accelerating Startups: The Seed Accelerator Phenomenon. SSRN Journal, 1.
    Cooke, P., Uranga, M. G., & Etxebarria, G. (1997). Regional Innovation Systems: Institutional and Organisational Dimensions. Research Policy, 26(4-5), 475-491.
    Crișan, E. L., Salanță, I. I., Beleiu, I. N., Bordean, O. N., & Bunduchi, R. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on Accelerators. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(1), 62-89.
    Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W., & White, R. E. (1999). An Organizational Learning Framework: From Intuition to Institution. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 522-537.
    Dempwolf, C. S., Auer, J., & D’ippolito, M. (2014). Innovation Accelerators: Defining Characteristics Among Startup Assistance Organizations. Small Business Administration, 10(1), 44.
    Dhanaraj, C., & Parkhe, A. (2006). Orchestrating Innovation Networks. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 659-669.
    Dixon, N. M. (2017). The Organizational Learning Cycle: How We Can Learn Collectively. Routledge.
    Do, T. T., & Mai, N. K. (2022). Organizational Learning and Firm Performance: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(4), 1230-1253.
    Dong, X., & Ma, H. (2025). A Systematic Review of the Evolution of Innovation Networks: Insights into Mechanisms and Future Prospects. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), 2501756.
    Duncan, R. & A. Weiss (1979), “Organization Learning: Implications for Organizational Design.”Research in Organizational Behavior, 1, 75-123.
    Duncan, R. B. (1976). The Ambidextrous Organization: Designing Dual Structures for Innovation. The Management of Organization, 1(1), 167-188.
    Edwin c. Nevis, Anthony j. Dibella, & Janet M. Gould . (1995, January 15). Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/understanding-organizations-as-learning-systems/
    Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas‐Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Programmes: A New Methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, 30(9), 701-720.
    Gai, K., Qiu, M., & Sun, X. (2018). A Survey on FinTech. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 103, 262-273.
    Gliedt, T., Hoicka, C. E., & Jackson, N. (2018). Innovation Intermediaries Accelerating Environmental Sustainability Transitions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 1247-1261.
    Global Startup Ecosystem Report 2019. (2019, April). Startup Genome LLC.
    Gobble, M. M. (2018). Digitalization, Digitization, and Innovation. Research-Technology Management, 61(4), 56-59.
    Goldstein, I., Jiang, W., & Karolyi, G. A. (2019). To FinTech and Beyond. The Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), 1647-1661.
    Gomber, P., Kauffman, R. J., Parker, C., & Weber, B. W. (2018). On the Fintech Revolution: Interpreting the Forces of Innovation, Disruption, and Transformation in Financial Services. Journal of Management Information Systems, 35(1), 220-265.
    Gonzalez-Uribe, J., & Leatherbee, M. (2018). The Effects of Business Accelerators on Venture Performance: Evidence From Start-up Chile. The Review of Financial Studies, 31(4), 1566-1603.
    Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2020). Innovation Ecosystems: A Conceptual Review and a New Definition. Technovation, 90, 102098.
    Gulati, R., Puranam, P., & Tushman, M. (2012). Meta‐organization Design: Rethinking Design in Interorganizational and Community Contexts. Strategic Management Journal, 33(6), 571-586.
    Haddad, C., & Hornuf, L. (2019). The Emergence of the Global Fintech Market: Economic and Technological Determinants. Small Business Economics, 53(1), 81-105.
    Hallen, B. L., Cohen, S. L., & Bingham, C. B. (2020). Do Accelerators Work? If so, How? Organization Science, 31(2), 378-414.
    Harris, J. L. (2021). Bridging the Gap Between ‘Fin’and ‘Tech’: The Role of Accelerator Networks in Emerging FinTech Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Geoforum, 122, 174-182.
    Hausberg, P., & Korreck, S. (2018). Analysis-based, Systematic Literature Review. Speedboating Into The Future-How Organizations Use Open Foresight and Business Incubation as Strategic Means to Explore Trends and Promote Innovation, 114.
    Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-based Research in Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 165-187.
    Hochberg, Y. V. (2016). Accelerating Entrepreneurs and Ecosystems: The Seed Accelerator Model. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 16(1), 25-51.
    Howells, J. (2006). Intermediation and the Role of Intermediaries in Innovation. Research Policy, 35(5), 715-728.
    Huber, G. P. (1991). Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literatures. Organization Science, 2(1), 88-115.
    Ianioglo, A. (2022). Innovation and Entrepreneurial. Innovation, Research and Development and Capital Evaluation, 63.
    Isabelle, D. A. (2013). Key Factors Affecting a Technology Entrepreneur's Choice of Incubator or Accelerator. Technology Innovation Management Review, 3(2).
    Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation, Organizational Learning, and Performance. Journal of Business Research, 64(4), 408-417.
    King, B. (2010). Bank 2.0: How Customer Behaviour and Technology Will Change the Future of Financial Services. Brett King.
    King, B. (2012). Bank 3.0: Why Banking is no Longer Somewhere You Go But Something You Do. John Wiley & Sons.
    King, B. (2018). Bank 4.0: Banking Everywhere, Nver at a Bank. John Wiley & Sons.
    Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. FT press.
    Kutler, J. (1993). Citibank Is Shedding Individualistic Image. Accessed. http://www.americanbanker.com/bankthink/friday-flashback-did-citi-coin-theterm-fintech-1076875-1.html
    Lee, I., & Shin, Y. J. (2018). Fintech: Ecosystem, Business Models, Investment Decisions, and Challenges. Business Horizons, 61(1), 35-46.
    Levitt, B., & March, J. G. (1988). Organizational Learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14(1), 319-338.
    Liao, S.-h., & Wu, C.-c. (2009). The Relationship Among Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning, and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(4), 64-76.
    Lofland, J., Snow, D., Anderson, L., & Lofland, L. H. (2022). Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis. Waveland Press.
    Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L., & Tanniru, M. (2010). Service, Value Networks and Learning. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(1), 19-31.
    Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12(3), e12359.
    March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87.
    Martínez Aragón, C. L., & Aguilar Morales, N. (2023). A Systematic Review of the Organizational Learning and Performance Literature. Visión de Futuro, 27(1), 24-39.
    Mason, C., & Brown, R. (2014). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Growth Oriented Entrepreneurship. Final Report to OECD, Paris, 30(1), 77-102.
    Mention, A.-L. (2019). The Future of Fintech. In (Vol. 62, pp. 59-63): Taylor & Francis.
    Migdadi, M. M. (2021). Organizational Learning Capability, Innovation and Organizational Performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(1), 151-172.
    Mike Wright & Israel Drori (Ed.). (2018,Chapter 1). Accelerators: Successful Venture Creation and Growth. Edward Elgar Publishing.
    Milian, E. Z., Spinola, M. d. M., & De Carvalho, M. M. (2019). Fintechs: A Literature Review and Research Agenda. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 34, 100833.
    Miller, P., & Bound, K. (2011). The Startup Factories. NESTA. http://www. nesta. org. uk/library/documents/StartupFactories. pdf.
    Moore, J. F. (1993). Predators and Prey: a New Ecology of Competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75-86.
    Mrudula shaha. (2026, May). Fintech Market. Vantage Market Research. https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/fintech-market
    Nambisan, S., & Sawhney, M. (2011). Orchestration Processes in Network-centric Innovation: Evidence From the Field. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(3), 40-57.
    Nevis, E. C., DiBella, A. J., & Gould, J. M. (2009). Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems. In Knowledge, Groupware and the Internet (pp. 43-64). Routledge.
    Noviaristanti, S., Acur, N., & Mendibil, K. (2023). The Different Roles of Innovation Intermediaries to Generate Value. Management Review Quarterly, 1-33.
    Oh, D.-S., Phillips, F., Park, S., & Lee, E. (2016). Innovation Ecosystems: A Critical Examination. Technovation, 54, 1-6.
    Patky, J. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Learning on Performance and Innovation: A Literature Review. Journal of Workplace Learning, 32(3), 229-242.
    Patton, M. Q. (2002). Two Decades of Developments in Qualitative Inquiry: A Personal, Experiential Perspective. Qualitative Social Work, 1(3), 261-283.
    Pauwels, C., Clarysse, B., Wright, M., & Van Hove, J. (2016). Understanding a New Generation Incubation Model: The Accelerator. Technovation, 50, 13-24.
    Pérez López, S., Manuel Montes Peón, J., & José Vazquez Ordás, C. (2005). Organizational Learning as a Determining Factor in Business Performance. The Learning Organization, 12(3), 227-245.
    Pisano, G. P. (1990). The R&D Boundaries of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 153-176.
    Pollari, I. (2016). The Rise of Fintech Opportunities and Challenges. JASSA: The Journal of the Securities Institute of Australia, (3), 15–21.
    Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 116-145.
    Puschmann, T. (2017). Fintech. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(1), 69-76.
    Radojevich-Kelley, N., & Hoffman, D. L. (2012). Analysis of Accelerator Companies: An Exploratory Case Study of Their Programs, Processes, and Early Results. Small Business Institute Journal, 8(2), 54-70.
    Roberto, Camagni. (1991). Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Rothwell, R., Freeman, C., Horlsey, A., Jervis, V., Robertson, A., & Townsend, J. (1974). SAPPHO updated-project SAPPHO phase II. Research policy, 3(3), 258-291.
    Seet, P.-S., Jones, J., Oppelaar, L., & Corral de Zubielqui, G. (2018). Beyond ‘Know-what’and ‘Know-how’to ‘Know-who’: Enhancing Human Capital With Social Capital in an Australian Start-up Accelerator. Asia Pacific Business Review, 24(2), 233-260.
    Senge, P. M. (1990). The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. In: New York: Doubleday.
    Soomro, B. A., Mangi, S., & Shah, N. (2021). Strategic Factors and Significance of Organizational Innovation and Organizational Learning in Organizational Performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2), 481-506.
    Stayton, J., & Mangematin, V. (2019). Seed Accelerators and the Speed of New Venture Creation. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44(4), 1163-1187.
    Takeda, A., & Ito, Y. (2021). A Review of FinTech Research. International Journal of Technology Management, 86(1), 67-88.
    Templeton, G. F., Lewis, B. R., & Snyder, C. A. (2002). Development of a Measure for the Organizational Learning Construct. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(2), 175-218.
    Thomas, L. D., Sharapov, D., & Autio, E. (2018). Linking Entrepreneurial and Innovation Ecosystems: The Case of AppCampus. In Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Diffusion of Startups (pp. 35-64). Edward Elgar Publishing.
    Thomas, Llewellyn & Autio, Erkko. (2013). Emergent Equifinality: An Empirical Analysis of Ecosystem Emergence Processes.
    Weick, K. E. (2012). Educational Organizations as Loosely Coupled Systems. In The Roots of Logistics (pp. 389-410). Springer.
    Wright, M., Clarysse, B., Lockett, A., & Knockaert, M. (2008). Mid-range Universities’ Linkages with Industry: Knowledge Types and the Role of Intermediaries. Research Policy, 37(8), 1205-1223.
    Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Vol. 5). sage.

    二、中文文獻

    FinTechSpace金融科技創新園區. https://www.fintechspace.com.tw/zh-hant/

    溫庭琳(2015)。Over-banking對銀行經營影響之個案研究。﹝碩士論文。國立臺灣科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/fq5432。

    郭秋榮(2008),全球金融風暴之成因、對我國影響及因應對 策之探討,存款保險資訊季刊,第21卷,第4期,143-164。

    周佳萱(2023)。我國銀行之金融科技的創新、組織方式與知識管理之研究。﹝碩士論文。國立政治大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。

    于宗先、王金利. (2005). 台灣金融體制之演變. 聯經出版事業公司.

    葉榮鐘. (2023). 近代台灣金融經濟發展史 (Vol. 105024). Morning Star Publishing Inc (晨星出版有限公司).

    潘淑滿. (2022). 質性研究-理論與應用 (第二版). 心理出版社.

    簡春安、鄒平儀. (2016). 社會工作研究法. 巨流圖書.

    張凱惠. (2014). 新創企業加速中-主要國家創業加速器計畫之分析. 台經月刊, 37(6).

    曾正忠. (2021, November 5). 認識孵化器與加速器,健全創新創業生態圈. 台灣產業創生平台. https://www.tw-ren.com/renaissance/528

    無法下載圖示 此全文未授權公開
    QR CODE
    :::