序

禁止翻供原則是英美法律特色之一，其實質內容已為各法律體系所採用，可以視為受文明國家普遍承認的一般法律原則，應可移用於國際法。但是此原則在國際法上的相關問題，少受學者討論分析，未曾獲得應有的解答，筆者因而探討禁止翻供原則與國際法的關係，希望能夠達到解答問題的目的。

本論文分五章十五節；第一章說明禁止翻供原則適用於國內法的概況，以澄清若干基本概念，便利下文各章對本文主題的闡述；第二章敍述國際法上禁止翻供原則的定義、形式、成立要件，並且探討此原則是不是實體法規則，是否已成為一般法律原則等問題，也旁及相關疑義；第三章將此原則與「默認」、「確定判決」、「承認」、「衡平原則」及「認諾」等五個法律原則相比較，分析其異同，期能對禁止翻供原則有較深刻的認識；第四章則以常設國際法院一九三三年的「東格陵蘭島法律地位案」，國際法院－九六○年的「西班牙國王仲裁裁決案」和一九六二年的「浦里維哈寺廟案」為例，觀察禁止翻供原則的實際適用情形，看理論與實際是否一致；第五章是結論，將前四章的內容作一一囘顧，說明禁止翻供原則於國際法上適用的實效，期能提升此原則的研究層級，發揮此原則更大的功能，以補助國際法發展。

本論文的一個特點，是多用國際司法判決以闡釋原則的理論。國立政治大學圖書館和社會科學資料中心藏書堪稱豐富，國際司法判決文件很多，為本論文儲備了充分的資料，省了筆者許多時間，減少了蒐集文件的困難。

筆者能夠順利完成本論文的研究和撰稿，是由於陳治世教授的悉心指導與迅速解惑。陳師不但注意本文的內容，也指出文字的缺點，筆者首先要致最大的謝意。其次，筆者就讀於東吳大學法律學系時，所受的英美法訓練亦有助於本文的寫作，在此向授課諸位先生表示誠摯的感激。復次，筆者在政大外交研究所肄業期間，獲得同學的砥勵，不敢有所懈怠，終使論文即時完成。用不著說，父母親多年的養育教誨，使筆者能夠修完碩士班課程，更是筆者要特別感激的事。最後，疏漏謬誤，在所難免，筆者自當負責，並請高明指正。

陳沛利謹識於 國立政治大學外交硏究所

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參考書目

壹、中文部份

甲、書籍：

一.何孝元：誠實信用原則與衡平法，台北，撰者自刊，民國五五年九月，初版。

二.俞寬賜：從國際法觀點研究大陸礁層，台北，東吳大學中國學術著作獎助委員會，民國六三年七月，初版。

三.陳治世：學生國際法，台北，漢苑出版社，民國六八年九月，初版。

四.陸東亞：領土管轄成案之研究，國家長期發展科學委員會，民國五四年六月。

五.黃武智：國際法院法官顧維鈞之個別意見與反對意見（一九五七―六七），台北，東吳大學中國學術著作獎助委員會，民國六三年七月。

六.張永恆：國際法院訴訟案與諮詢意見案，台北，正中書局，民國六六年五月。

七.雷崧生：國際法院成案，台北，正中書局，民國五九年七月，三版。

八.管歐：法學緒論，台北，撰者自刊，民國五○年。

九.韓忠謨：放學緒論，台北，撰者自刊，民國五一年，五版。

乙、期刊：

一，張彝鼎：「泰柬邊境案與劃界條約解釋」，國立政治大學學報，七期，政治大學出版，民國五二年五月。

丙、辭典：

一.雲五社會科學大辭典，第四册：國際關係，台北。台灣商務印書館，民國六八年十二月，二版。

二.雲五社會科學大辭典，第六册：法律學，台北，台灣商務印書館，民國六七年十月，四版。

貳、英文部分

A. Books:

1. Buckland, W. W., and McNair, Arnold D. : Roman Law and Common Law; A Comparison in Outline, 2nd ed., revised by F. H. Lawson, Cambridge: At the University Press, 1965.

2. Buzzard, John Huxley; May, Richard; and Howard, W. W.: The Common Law Library Number 10: Phipson on Evidence, 12th ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1976.

3. Bishop, Jr. William W. : International Law; Cases and Materials, 2nd ed. 1962.

4. Briggs, Herbert W., ed.: The Law of Nations; Cases, Documents, and Notes, 2nd ed. N.Y.:

Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc, 1952.

5. Cohn, E. J.: Manual of German Law. 2 Vols, London: The British Institute of international and Comparative Law, 1968. Vol.2: General Introduction Civil Law.

6. Cheng, Bin.: General Principles of Law as applied by International Courts and Tribunals. Forword by Georg Schwarzenberger, London: Stevens & Sons, 1953.

7. Cross, Sir Rupert and Wilkins, Nancy.: An Outline of the Law of Evidence, 4th ed., London : Butterworths, 1975.

8 Cukwureh, A. O : The Settlement of Boundary Disputes in international Law. Manchester University Press, 1967.

9. Corbett, P. E.: Law and Society in the Relations of States. N. Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1951,

10. David, Rene & Brierley, John E. C.: Major Legal Systems in the World Today;An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Law. 2nd ed. London: Stevens & Sons, 1978.

11. Dickinson, Edwin D.:Cases and Materials on International Law. Brooklyn: The Foundation Press, Inc., 1950.

12. Friedmann, Wolfgang.: The Changing Structure of International Law N. Y.: Columbia Univ. Press, 1964.

13, Greig, D. W.: International Law, 2nd ed., London: Butterworths, 1976.

14. Gulick, George S., and Kimbrough, Robert T. gen edos. : American Jurisprudence; A Modern Comprehensive Text Statement of American Law; State and Federal. 2nd. ed. 53 Vols., N. Y.: The Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Co., 1966. Vol. 26:Escrow to Estoppel and Waiver, edited by Herbert B. Chermside et al.

15. Hudson, Manley O., and Bacon, Ruth E. eds.: World Court Reports; A Collection of the Judgments Orders and Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. 4 Vols. reprint ed., N. Y.:Ocean Publication, Inc, 1969.

16. Hudson, Manley O. : Intermational Tribunals; Past and Future, Washington: Carnegie Endowment For International Peace and Brookings Institution, 1944.

17. Hale, Sir Matthew.:The History of the Common Law of England, Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1971.

18. Hyde, Charles Cheney.:International Law; Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied by the United States, 2nd rev ed. 3Vols., Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1951.

19. Jenks, C. Wilfred.: The Prospects of international Adjudication. London: Stevens & Sons, 1964.

20. Kunz, Josef L. :The Changing Law of Nations; Essays on International Law. Ohio State University Press, 1968.

21. Lauterpacht, H.:Private Law Sources and Analogies of International Law; With Special Reference to International Arbitration, London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1927; reprint ed. Hamden, Conn : Archon Books, 1970.

22. Lauterpacht, H.: The Development of International Law by The International Court. London: Steven & Sons, 1958.

23. Lauterpacht, H., et al. ed.:Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases Vols. 1-16. London: Butterworths, 1923-1955.

24. Lauterpacht, H. ed., : International Law Reports, Vols. 17-44. London: Butterworths, 1956-1973. (Since Vol.24, the ILR had been edited by E. Lauterpacht.)

25. Luard, Evan, ed. : The International Regulation of Frontier Disputes. London:Thames and Hudson, 1970.

26. McNair, Arnold D.: Law of Treaties; British Practice and Opinions. N.Y: Columbia University Press, 1938.

27. Nantwi, E. K.,: The Enforement of International Judicial Decisions and Arbitral Awards in Public International Law. 2nd printing. A.W. Sijthoff-Leyden, 1967.

28. Oppenheim, L., : International Law; A Treatise. 8th ed., 2 Vols. Edited by H. Lauterpacht, London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1953. Vol.1:Peace.

29, Paton, G. W., and Derham, David P.ed.:A Textbook of Jurisprudence. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 1972.

30. Rosenne, Shabtai.: The Law and Practice of the International Court. 2 Vols. A. W. Sijthoff-Leyden, 1965-1966.

31. Rosenne, Shabtai.:The International Court of Justice; An Essay in Political and Legal Theory. Leyden A. W. Sijthoff ‘s Uitgeversmaatschappij N. V. 1959.

32. Simpson, J. L., & Fox, Hazel.: International Arbitration; Law and Practice. N.Y.:Frederick A, Praeger, Publishers, 1959.

33. Scott, James Brown, and Jaeger, Walter H. E.: Cases on International Law. 2nd ed. St. Paul, Minn: West Publishing Co., 1937.

34. Syathauw, J.J.G.: Decisions of the International Court of Justice. N. Y: A. W. Sijthoff-Leyden Ocean Publications, 1962.

35. Sorensen, Max. ed.: Manual of Public International Law. N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press,1968.

36. Schwarzenberger, Georg. A Manual of International Law. 5th ed. London: Stevens & Sons, 1967.

37. Schwarzenberger, Georg.: International Law. 3rd. ed. 3 Vols. London: Stevens & Sons, 1957. Vol. 1 : International Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals.

38. Verzijl, J. H. W.: The Jurisprudence of the World Court; A Case by Case Commentary,2 Vols, A. W. Sijthoff-Leyden, 1965.

39. Wigmore, John Homry.:A Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law. 3rd ed. 10 Vols. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1940, Vol.9.

40. Weis, P. : Nationality and Statelessness in international Law; with a Foreword by H, Lauterpacht. London: Stevens & Sons, 1956.

B. Yearbooks and Periodicals

1. Bowett, D, W. “Estoppel Before International Tribunals and Its Relation to Acquiescence.” 33 B. Y. I. L. (British Year Book of International Law) (1957).

2. Brownlie, Ian. “The Relations of Nationality in Public International Law.”39 B. Y. I. L. (1963).

3. Evans, Alona E. “Judicial Decisions: Boundary Between Continental Shelf Areas in the North Sea-Effect of Continental Shelf Convention on State Not Party,” 63 A.J. I. L. (American Journal of lnternational Law) (1969).

4. Gutteridge, H. C. “Comparative Law and the Law of Nations.” 21 B.Y.I.L. (1944).

5. “Judicial Decisions Involving Questions of international Law: Arbitration Between Great Britain and Costa Rica”, 18 A.J.I.L.(1924).

6. Kunz, Josef L. “The Nottebohm Judgment, (2nd phase).” 54 A.J.I.L. (1960).

7. Lauterpacht, H. “Soverignty over Submarine Areas.” 27 B.Y.I.L. (1950).

8. MacGibbon, I. C. “Estoppel in International Law.” 7 I.C.L.Q (The International and Comparative Law Quarterly) (1958).

9. MacGibbon, I. C. “Customary International Law end Acquiescence” 33 B.Y.I.L (1957).

10. McNair, Arnold D. “The Legality of the Occupation of the Ruhr.” 5 B.Y.I.L (1924).

11. Meron, Theodor. “Repudiation of Ultra Vires State Contracts and the International Responsibility of States.” 6 I.C.L.Q (1957).

12. “The Meaning and Scope of Article 38 (1) (c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.” The Grotius Society; Problems of Public and Private International Law Vol. 38(1952).

13. Oliver, Cover, “Judicial Decisions; Territorial Soverignty-treaty interpretation- maps-preclusion or estoppel; Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear,” 56 A.J.I.L(1962).

14. Rubin Alfred P. “The International Legal Effects of Unilateral Declarations.” 71 A.J.I.L (1977).

15. Schwarzenberger, Georg. “Title to Territory; Response to a Challenge. ” 51 A.J.I.L (1957).

16. Sharma, Surya P. “The India-China Eorder Dispute: An Indian Perspective,” 59 A.J.I.L

(1965).

C. Documerts:

(a) U.N.R.I.A.A (United Nations, Reports of International Arbitration Awards).

(b) P.C.I.J, Series, (Publications of the Permanert Court of International Justice; Series A: Judgment; Series B: Advisory Opinion).

(c) I.C.J.Rep. (International Court of Justice:Reports of Judgment, Advisory Opinions and Orders ).

I. C. J. Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents.

1. U.N.R.I.A.A. Vol.1. “Landreau Claim”.

2. U.N.R.I.A.A. Vol.2. “Grisbardarna Case.”

3. U.N.R.I.A.A. Vol.3. “Shufeldt case.”

4. U.N.R.I.A.A. Vol.3. “S.S Lisman Case.”

5. U.N.R.I.A.A. Vol.3. “Trail Smelter Arbitration. ”

6. U.N.R.I.A.A. Vol.3. “ Germano-Lithuanian Arbitration. ”

7. U.N.R.I.A.A. Vol.6. “Yukon Lumber Company case. ”

8. P.C.I.J. (1927 ), Series B. No.14, “European Danube Commission.”

9. P.C.I.J. (1927), Series A, Nos 8. 11. “Chorzow Factory case . ”

10. P.C.I.J. (1929), Series A. Nos. 20/21. “Serbian Loans.”

11. P.C.I.J. (1933), Series A/B, No.53. “Legal Status of Eastern. Greenland.”

12. P.C.I.J. (1937), Series A/B No.70. “Diversion of Water from the Meuse.”

13. P.C.I.J. (1939), Series A/B No.78. “Societe Commerciale de Belgique case.”

14. I.C.J.Rep. (1948), I.C.J. Pleadings. “Corfu Channel case.”

15. I.C.J.Rep. (1950), “Interpretation of Peace Treaties (2nd phase) ”.

16. I.C.J.Rep. (1950), “Asylum case”. “Reguest for Interpretation of the Judgment of 20 November 1950 in the Asylum case,” (1951), “Haya de la Toree”.

17. I.C.J. Rep. (1951 ), “Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries.”

18. I.C.J. Rep. (1952), “Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case.”

19. I.C.J.Rep. (1953), I.C.J. Pleadings, “Minquiers and Ecrehos.”

20. I.C.J. Rep (1954), “Effects of Awards of Compensation Made by the United Nations Adminstrative Tribunal.”

21. I.C.J. Rep. (1955), I.C.J. Pleadings,”Nottebohm case.”

22. I.C.J. Rep (1960), “Arbitral Award Made by the Kung of Spain on 23 December 1906.”

23. I.C.J.Rep(1961,1962). “Temple of Preah Vihear.”

24. I.C.J. Rep (1969), “North Sea Continental Shelf case.”

25. I.C.J. Rep (1974 ), “Nuclear Tests.”

26. Reports on the Law of Treaties, U. N. Document A/CN 4/63 : March 24, 1953.

27. Yearbook of International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. 1.

D.Dictionaries:

1. Black, Henry Campbell.: Black’s Law Dictionary-Definitions of the Terms and Phrases of American and English Jurisprudence; Ancient and Modern With Guide to Pronunciation. 4th ed. St. Paul, Minn: West Publishing Co., 1951.

2. Ballentine, James A. : Ballentine’s Law Dictionary. 3rd ed. Edited by William S. Anderson. Rochester, N. Y.: The Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company, 1969.

3. Gamboa, Melquiades J.: A Dictionary of International Law and Diplomacy. N.Y.: Ocean Publications, Inc, 1973.

4. Radin, Max.: Redin Law Dictionary, Edited by Lawrence G. Greene. N. Y.: Ocean Publications, 1955.

5. Saunders, John B. ed. : Words and Phrases Legally Defined. 2nd ed. 5 Vols. London: Butterworths, 1969.

E. Related Cases:

1. Argentine-Chile Frontier case (1966)

2. Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case (1951)

3. Asylum case (Columbia v. Peru) (1950)

4. The Alask Boundary Dispute (1903)

5. Behring Sea Arbitration Case (1893)

6. The British Guiana Arbitration (1897)

7. Croft case (1932)

8. Chorzow Factory case (1927)

9. Chase Claim (1933)

9. Chase Claim (1933)

10. Case Concerning the Arbitral Award Made by the King of Spain on December 23, 1906. (1960)

11. Case Concerning Temple of Preah Vihea. (1962)

12. Canevero case (Italy V. Peru) (1912)

13. Diversion of Water from the Meuse. (1937)

14. Eastern Greenland case (1933)

15. Flegenhelmer claim (1922)

16. George W. Hopkins case (U.S.-Mexico) (1926)

17. Grisbadarna case (Norway v. Sweden) (1916)

18. George Pinson case. (1928)

19. Germano-Lithuanian Arbitration (1936)

20. Interpretation of Peace Treaties case (1950)

21. International Status of South West Africa (1950)

22. Island of Palmas Arbitration (1928)

23. European Danube Commission case (1927)

24. Kunkel et al. v. Polish State (1926)

25. Kahano V. Parisi and Austrain State (1929-30)

26. Landreau claim (1922)

27. Miquiers and Ecrehos (1951)

28. Nottebohm case (1955)

29. North Sea Continental Shelf case (1969)

30. Nuclear Tests (1974)

31. The Pious Fund of California case (1902)

32. The Russian Indemnity case (1912)

33. Richaid J. Hickson case (1924)

34. Shufeldt case (1930)

35. Salem (U.S.v. Egypt) (1932)

36. Santa Isabel claim (1932)

37. Societe Commerciale de Belgique case (1939)

38. S.S. Lisman case (1937)

39. Salvador Commercial Company case (1902)

40. Trail Smelter Arbitration (1941)

41. Tinoco Arbitration (1923)

42. Venezuelan Preferential Claim(1903)

43. The Yukon Lumber Company case (1910)