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| 研究生： |
黃幼宜 |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
勞動力調整機制與失業 |
| 指導教授： |
林柏生
黃登興 |
| 學位類別： |
博士
Doctor |
| 系所名稱： |
商學院 - 國際經營與貿易學系 Department of International Business |
| 論文出版年： | 2003 |
| 畢業學年度： | 91 |
| 語文別： | 中文 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 勞動力調整 、失業 、剩餘生產力的出路 、都市人口回流 、內生勞動供給 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | labor adjustment, unemployment, vent for surplus, return migration, endogenous labor supply |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：149 下載：60 |
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本論文包括三篇有關「勞動力調整機制」及「失業」相關課題之研究。
這三篇研究分別在國際貿易理論的領域中，建立三個不同的理論分析架構與模型，進行討論有關勞動力調整的主題，整個論文的主軸及行文順序如下：
第一篇文章為「農村失業模型的理論與應用： WTO架構下的農業政策」，主要建構一個可能存在失業的理論模型。主要根據 Adam Smith 「剩餘生產力的出路」(vent for surplus)的理念下，本文主要針對在農村經濟出現生產要素「失業」的情況下，從剩餘生產力出路的觀點，將鄉村的過多勞動力或閒置土地，找到一個新的出口，再創造生產要素的價值。
第二篇文章為「勞動力調整機制與都市勞動力回流」，都市人口回流鄉村(return migration)為人口遷移的實證文獻所肯定的普遍現象，本文提供一個闡釋上述人口回流現象的理論基礎，討論勞動力的過度反應與都市人口回流(return migration)的形成。當鄉村地區勞動力過度外移至就業，一窩蜂跑到都市後反而成為都市中的失業人口，最後再選擇回流鄉村的動態行為模式。
最後，第三篇文章為「職前訓練與勞動力調整機制」，結合實質景氣循環模型中內生的勞動供給與跨部門的調整成本 (adjustment costs)的動態分析架構，從勞動者可以自己選擇要投入工作賺取報酬，或是不工作的決定，亦即，勞動者衡量「休閒」與「工作」所帶來的效用差異，決定投入生產的勞動供給量。同時，也考量到勞動市場的內部移動會造成資源配置的調整成本，因此，我們考慮勞動力跨部門移動需要經過職業訓練(training)的過程，才可正式生產。準此，在「內生的勞動供給」模型中納入「職業訓練」調整成本之後，能夠進一步釐清勞動市場內部的調整機制與其配置。
[論文目次]
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 農村失業模型的理論與應用： WTO 架構下的農業政策 6
1 前言 6
2 理論模型 9
2.1 充分就業的均衡 16 2.2農村失業 17
2.2.1 專業化生產經濟作物 Y1 18
2.2.1 專業化生產經濟作物 Y2 20
3 WTO架構下的農業政策 21
4 結語 24
附錄一 26
參考文獻 28
第三章 勞動力調整機制與都市勞動力回流 30
1 前言 30
2 模型 33
3 Harris-Todaro 勞動市場的動態調整機制 36
3.1 勞動市場的調整方向 36
3.2 動態體系的均衡 38
4 「都市人口回流」的例示 41
4.1 最低工資率提高勞動市場的動態調整 41
4.2 調高最低工資率對失業的影響 47
4.3 開放外資對勞動市場的動態調整效果 50
5 結論 51
附錄一：經濟體系的穩定性分析 53
附錄二：La(t)、Lm(t) 的求解過程 55
參考文獻 57
第四章 職前訓練和勞動力調整機制 61
1 前言 61
2 模型 67
3 均衡 73
3.1 長期均衡 74
3.2 穩定性分析 76
4 職前訓練成本增加的影響 77
4.1長期效果 77
4.2勞動配置效果 79
5 結論 80
附錄一：短期比較靜態分析 82
附錄二：經濟體系的動態穩定性分析 84
附錄三: Lm(t)、q(t) 的求解過程 87
參考文獻 89
第五章 總結 92
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