本論文旨在探討台灣村里層級的食物地景組成，是否與個人的自評健康及主觀幸福感有所關聯。本文將村里食物環境視為嵌入日常居住生活的脈絡性食物地景，亦即由各類食物相關零售、餐飲與服務活動所共同構成的地方環境。相較於將食物環境簡化為「健康」或「不健康」店家的分布，本文更關注不同食物相關營業登記類別在地方生活中所承載的服務、商業、文化與基礎設施功能。此一觀點特別適合用於理解台灣高度混合的食物環境，因為便利商店、餐飲店、飲料店、傳統食品零售、攤販與飲水服務，在都市、鄉村、高齡化及偏遠地區可能具有不同的地方意義。本研究整合全國營業稅籍登記資料、歷史村里代碼、年度村里邊界、村里社會經濟指標、夜間燈光資料，以及台灣社會變遷基本調查限制型資料，建構2014年至2022年的村里年度食物地景資料庫。資料建置過程包括辨識食品相關營業登記項目、進行登記類別分類、將營業紀錄指派至村里、重建營業期間，並彙整為村里年度指標。本文以各食品相關營業登記類別占村里年度食品相關登記活動總量的比例作為主要暴露變數，以衡量村里食物地景的相對組成。實證分析依據調查提供之七個都市化與區域分層，分別建立結果別貝氏多層次時空模型，並透過多種確定性重建策略與多重插補策略，評估未觀測歇業日期所造成的歷史暴露重建不確定性。本文進一步以跨策略後設分析綜合各重建與插補策略下的估計結果，並以次要村里年度資料分析檢視食物地景組成與村里所得、教育、高齡化及夜間燈光等社會經濟與發展條件之關聯。研究結果顯示，村里食物地景組成與自評健康及主觀幸福感之間的關聯，具有明顯的選擇性、結果別差異與地理脈絡性。經跨策略綜合後仍獲支持的關聯，主要出現在特定的結果、區域分層與食物類別組合之中，而非普遍分布於全台灣各類地區。自評健康與主觀幸福感呈現不同的食物地景關聯結構。主觀幸福感較明顯連結於食物服務強度、便利服務、休閒與飲料服務、部分傳統或保存食品零售及飲用水零售；自評健康則較明顯呈現一般餐廳、咖啡相關功能、部分家庭食品零售功能，以及自助加水站之負向關聯等訊號。便利商店子類別、餐食服務類別、飲料與咖啡功能、生鮮與保存食品零售，以及飲水相關功能皆呈現明顯內部分化，顯示食物地景類別不宜被合併為單一健康或不健康暴露。次要村里年度資料分析則顯示，食物地景組成亦嵌入村里層級的所得、教育、人口老化與建成環境發展條件之中。整體而言，本研究顯示，食物地景類別不宜被簡化為固定的健康或不健康店家類型；在本研究資料中，這些類別更應理解為食品相關營業登記功能，反映地方服務可及性、商業組織、文化性食品零售、基礎設施與鄰里條件等脈絡性特徵。

This thesis examines whether village-level foodscape composition is associated with two subjective outcomes, self-rated health and subjective happiness, in Taiwan. It conceptualizes village food environments as contextual foodscapes, defined as configurations of food-related retail and service activities embedded in everyday residential life. This framing fits Taiwan’s mixed retail-service food environments, where convenience stores, prepared-food outlets, beverage shops, traditional retailers, stalls, and water-related services may carry different meanings across urban, rural, aging, and remote contexts. The study constructs a longitudinal village-year foodscape database by integrating national business tax registration records, historical village codes, annual village boundaries, village socioeconomic indicators, nighttime light data, and restricted Taiwan Social Change Survey data for survey years 2014–2022. Food-related records are classified, assigned to villages, reconstructed across operating periods, and aggregated into village-year indicators. Foodscape composition is measured using category-specific proportions of registered food-related business-category records. Outcome-specific Bayesian multilevel spatio-temporal models are estimated across seven survey-provided urbanization and regional strata. Sensitivity to exposure reconstruction is assessed across deterministic and multiple-imputation strategies for unresolved closure dates, and estimates are synthesized using cross-strategy meta-analysis. A secondary village-year panel analysis examines foodscape associations with village-level socioeconomic, demographic, and development outcomes. The findings show that foodscape associations are selective, outcome-specific, and geographically contingent. Associations supported after cross-strategy synthesis are concentrated in specific outcome-stratum-category combinations rather than distributed broadly across Taiwan. Self-rated health and subjective happiness showed different foodscape association structures. Happiness models were more clearly linked to food-service intensity, convenience services, leisure and beverage functions, selected traditional or preserved food retail, and drinking water retail. Self-rated health models showed more pronounced signals for restaurants, coffee-related functions, selected household food retail functions, and negative associations for self-service water stations. Convenience-store subtypes, dining-service categories, beverage and coffee functions, fresh and preserved food retail, and water-related registrations all showed internal differentiation, indicating that registered foodscape categories should not be collapsed into universal healthy or unhealthy exposures. The secondary panel results further show that foodscape composition is embedded in broader village-level socioeconomic and development conditions. Overall, foodscape categories are better understood as contextual indicators of local service access, commercial organization, culturally embedded food retail, infrastructure, and neighborhood conditions, rather than as universally healthy or unhealthy outlet types. In this thesis, they are interpreted as registered food-related commercial functions embedded in local service ecologies.

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