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| 研究生： |
陳方婕 Chen, Fang-Chieh |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
印度養牛產業之腸道發酵甲烷排放減量潛力與成本分析 Mitigation potential and costs of enteric methane emissions from Indian bovine sector |
| 指導教授： |
李慧琳
Lee, Huey-Lin |
| 口試委員: |
林子欽
Lin, Tzu-Chin 林幸助 Lin, Hsing-Juh 李慧琳 Lee, Huey-Lin |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
社會科學學院 - 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) International Master's Program of Applied Economics and Social Development(IMES) |
| 論文出版年： | 2020 |
| 畢業學年度： | 108 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 119 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 黃牛 、水牛 、腸道甲烷排放量 、印度 、飼料配比 、GLEAM-i |
| 外文關鍵詞： | Cattle, Buffalo, Enteric emissions, Feed costs, Feed composition, GLEAM-i |
| DOI URL： | http://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202000300 |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：131 下載：1 |
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The purpose of this study is to find alternative rations to help the Indian cattle and buffalo sector reduce enteric methane emissions. We suggested a practical and low-cost method, in which the composition of rations used in 2010 was adjusted to attain emissions reductions. In this research, we analyzed enteric emissions and feed costs. We used the GLEAM-i model to calculate enteric emissions, which is based on the IPCC Tier 2 approach. The GHG calculations with the GLEAM-i model are detailed and comprehensive. Enteric emissions are associated with energy requirements. The energy requirements of cattle and buffalo are based on their live weight, gender, and function (to produce milk or meat or to provide labor). We identified 16 groups of bovines according to their different energy requirements. For each group, we imposed six scenarios of alternative rations that aimed to reduce enteric emissions. Among the six scenarios, the proportion of feed materials of higher digestibility is increased, thus replacing those of lower digestibility. Combining the mitigation potential and feed costs of the alternative rations, Scenario 6 presents the best choice, followed by Scenarios 5, 4, 3, 2, and then 1. Scenario 6 could attain a 1.5% reduction of enteric emissions (8.7 million t -eq/year) and a 13% reduction in the feed costs ($3,828 USD/year) from the 2010 benchmark. In the short term, Scenario 6 would be the best choice for India to cut enteric emissions without adding significant financial burden. The relatively more costly Scenarios 1–5 could be feasible when India achieves better economic viability.
Lists of tables II
Lists of figures VII
Abbreviations VIII
Definitions of commonly used terms IX
Executive summary XI
1 Introduction 1
2 Background – GHG emissions by India 3
2.1 Top countries around the world in terms of GHG emissions 3
2.2 Agricultural GHG emissions in India 4
2.3 Economy, beef production, and population in India 5
2.4 Methane production 7
3 Literature reviews 8
4 GLEAM-i 11
4.1 Introduction 11
4.2 Overview and calculations of methane emissions 11
4.3 Data 16
5 Research design 21
5.1 Research scope 21
5.2 Data 21
5.3 Scenario design 23
6 Result analysis 28
6.1 Dairy cattle 32
6.2 Beef cattle 45
6.3 Dairy buffalo 57
6.4 Beef buffalo 69
6.5 Differences between cohorts, systems, herds, and bovines 81
7 Conclusions 90
References 92
Appendix A 94
Appendix B 109
Turnitin result 119
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