一、本研究的主要目的在探討下列的關係:

1. 了解我國大學生幽默感的情形。

2. 不同性別的大學生在幽默感上是否有差異。

3. 探討我國大學生的幽默感和創造力間的關係。

4. 探討我國大學生的幽默感和自我檢校間的關係。

5. 根據研究結果，提出結論與建議，以供教學及輔導工作的參考。

二、本研究以北部地區的政治大學、中央大學、清華大學、藝術學院等四所公立學校一、二年級的大學生為研究對象。研究工具包括(1) .形容詞檢核表。 (2). 幽默因應量表。(3). 幽默創造量表。( 4 ) .幽默感量表。(5) .幽默情境量表。 (6). 托弄思創造思考測驗(乙)。 (7). 自我檢校量表。(8) .同儕互評表。本研究的統計處理是以SPSS-PC 套裝軟體進行變異數分析、Scheff'e 事從多重比較、區別分析、典型相關等。

三、本研究的結果如下:

1 .一般大學生對幽默感皆持正面而積極的肯定態度，認為幽默感在人生上有其重要性，且有助於人際關係的增進。大部分的大學生(69.48%)亦自認其具有中人以上的幽默感。在幽默型態上，有半數( 59%) 的大學生認為自己是欣賞幽默者;有近四成的大學生( 43 . 5%) 認為自己是欣賞幽默兼主動表現幽默者。

2 .再由校別、系別的差異看來，很清楚地可看出，藝術科系的學生在形容詞檢核、幽默創造、幽默情境上的表現明顯地優於其他學校、科系者。

3 .從性別的探討中發現，女生在認為幽默感重要性程度，有助人際關係及喜歡和有幽默感者在一起的程度上皆顯著高於男生。

4 .男女生在形容詞檢核、幽默創造、幽默情境上有顯著差異。其中男生自認具有較多的幽默人格特質;在一般生活和社交場合有較多主動的幽默創造，具較高的後設訊息敏感能力;在權威出糗的情境中，笑的頻率校高。 女生在生活糗事、朋友相處和否極泰來等情境中笑的頻率較高。

5 .在創造力的探討中，本研究驗證了Koestler 的bisociation觀念:幽默、創造皆具「聯結二原不相干的事物，豁然貫串，產生令人驚奇的感覺」的同樣原理。

6 .高創造力、高流暢力、高變通力、高獨創力者的幽默創造、幽默感皆較高，較常以幽默為因應策略。

7 .在自我檢校方面，高自我檢校、高觀察敏銳、高「調整表現、符合要求」、高因境變異、高即興表演、高專業表演、高「注意穿著、在意流行」者較常主動表現幽默、後設訊息敏感能力較高、在幽默情境中笑的頻率較高。

8 .就男、女與創造力、自我檢校等自變項和所有依變項(不同幽默量表)的典型相關而言，其結果顯示:

(1). 不受性別影響而男女共同的現象是1: 愈具表演能力、觀察敏說、能調整表現以符合要求的男性愈能主動創造幽默，具更多幽默人格特質，後設訊息敏感力愈強，愈會以幽默因應困境; 而女性在上述特質關係上結果非常一致，愈不具表演能力、觀察力不敏銳、不能調整表現以符合要求的女性愈少主動表現幽默，後設訊息敏感較弱，少以幽默因應困境，較少幽默人格特賞。二者不同處在於男性具前述特質(表演能力、觀察敏銳、調整表現、符合要求)愈多者，在與朋友相處情境中，笑的頻率愈高;而女性具上述特質愈少者，在生活糗事時，笑的頻率愈低。

(2). 在性別影響下，男性愈不能調整表現以符合要求，符合團體期望者，愈不喜歡幽默感，在一般生活因應中愈少以幽默感為因應策略。觀察力不敏銳而不能因境變異的女性，其在困境時愈少以幽默感為因應策略，遇生活糗事時，笑的頻率較低。

四、在教育、輔導上的建議:

1 .學校應重視幽默感，加強學生正向情感(如幽默感)的表達能力。而利用幽默感以減輕考試焦慮，是輔導界一個新的努力方向。

2 .教育機構可透過幽默、輕鬆的方式，激發鼓勵學生的創造思考。

3 .學校和輔導單位可在課程又課外活動中，以角色扮演講述等方式，加強學生自我檢校的能力，使其動靜得宜，表現得體，能適當地表現自己真實的情緒，特別是主動表達自己的歡樂情緒。

五、對未來研究的建議

本研究建議今後有關幽默感的研究可就質的方面作深入探究，如由受試之成長(家庭)背景去了解其幽默人格特質的成因。 特別是中國人幽默特色中不同於西方之處，可再深入探究。

一、中文部分
李美枝、楊國樞(民61)，中國大學生的價值觀。李亦園、楊國樞主編:中國人的性格。台北市，南港，中央研究院民族學研究所專刊乙種第四號。
李美枝(民61)，女性心理學，大洋出版社。
李廉鳳譯(民74 十四版) ，裸猿，台北，純文學，頁六五~八二。
林以正(民74)，自我檢校、人際關係、情境公開與酬賞分配，台大心理研究所碩士論文。
林邦傑(民68)，因素分析及其應用，輯於陳定國，黃俊英編，企業家研究應用技術大全(第二冊) ，台北:大世紀，19-1~ 19-37。
林文寶(民74)，笑話研究，台東師專學報，第十三期，頁五七~一二一。
林語堂等著(民63) ，幽默與東西方文學，台中市，光啟:先知，頁一~七五。
林語堂著(民64)，無所不談合集，三版，台北:開明。
吳靜吉、高泉豐、王敬仁、丁興祥(民70)，拓弄思語文創測驗指導及研究手冊(乙式) ，台北:遠流。
吳靜吉(民77，新十五版)。心理與人生，台北:遠流，頁二八~三二。
婁子匡、朱介凡編著(民59)，五十年來中國的俗文學，正中，頁九十九~一一五。
張如鈞(民79)，兒童幽默感的發展-對幽默漫畫的欣賞與理解，師範大學家政研究所碩士論文。
楊國樞(民70)，中國人的性格與行為:形成與蛻變，中華心理學刊，23卷，一期，頁三九~五五。
曾燕萍(民72)，談笑的心理，訓育研究，二二卷，二期，頁三○~三四。
劉君業譯(民76，四版)，幽默定律，台北，遠流，頁一~二十。
鄭慧玲譯(民76，新二十五版)，幽默就是力量，台北，遠流，買一○○~一一五。
聯合文學(民79)，第六十三期，頁五一~八五。

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Martin R. A. & Lefcourt H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between tressor and moods.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.Vol. 45, No. 6,1313 - 1324.
Martin R. A. & Lefcourt H. M. (1984). Situational humor response requestionaire: quantitive measure of sense of humor. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology . Vol. 47, No. 1,145 - 155.
Martin R. A. & Lefcourt H. M. (1986). Humor and Life stress. New York, pringer-Verlag Inc.
McGhee, P.E. & Chapman, A.J. (1980). Children's humor, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
McGhee, P. E. & Lloyd, S. A. (1981). A developmental tests of the disposition theory of humor, Child Development, Vol. 52,925 - 931.
Nezu, A. M. & Nezu C. M. (1988). Sense of humor as a moderator of there lation between stressful events and psychological distress: a prospective analusis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol. 54 ,No. 3,520 - 525
O'Connell, W.E. (1962). An item analysis of the wit and humor appreciation test, Journal of Social Psychology , Vol. 56, 271 - 276.
Ruxton, J. P. & Hester M. P. (1987). Humor: Assesment and interventions. Clinical Gerontologist. Vol. 7(1), Fall.
Schill, T. & O'Laughlin, S. (1984). Humor Preference and coping ?with stress, Psychological Reports, 55, 309-310.
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