海洋約占地球表面積的三分之二強 , 自古以來人類的生活就與海洋有著

密不可分的關係 , 尤其是二十世紀以來 , 海洋對人類的重要性益發突

顯 , 因為工業的進步以及人口的激增 , 使得在原料匱乏及陸地食物不足

的情況下 , 更彰顯出人類有朝向海洋發展的必要性與迫切性.海洋資源可

分為有生資源和無生資源 , 而有生資源即是指漁業資源 . 傳統的觀念認

為漁資源是"取之不盡 , 用之不竭" 再加上行之已久的 "海洋自由" 原

則之概念, 因此自來人們對漁資源的獲取就沒有多大的限制 . 但是晚近

以來 , 漁獲需求的增加以及科技的進步 ,使得人類開發採捕漁資源的活

動大大增加 . 在沒有規範限制的情況下,過度漁捕和不正當漁捕使得漁資

源有枯竭之虞 , 此即造成了"公有物的悲劇" . 因此本文先檢視現行國際

法中漁業資源的養護管理制度, 另外由於我國和美國之間的漁業糾紛多年

來一直無法獲得完滿的解決 ,一九八九年更因為公海捕鮭及流刺網漁捕問

題 ,雙方簽署了 "北太平洋公海流網換函" , 其中多項條款備受國人爭

議 , 曾經引起喧然大波 , 故本文並兼論一九八九年中美漁業糾紛 ,再檢

視目前國際間對鮭魚的養護管理之實踐 , 期能了解國際間養護管理該漁

種之趨勢 , 俾日後我國在處理類似事件時有所依循.文分六章 . 第壹章

為導論 ,第二章先概述養護管理漁資源的目標方法及重要的分配問題, 第

三章詳述歷屆海洋法會議對漁資源養護管理的規範 , 而其中以第三屆海

洋法會議的規範最為詳實 . 第四章探討中美之間的漁業糾紛 ,並評析一

九八九年雙方漁業協定中的可議之處 .第五章檢視北太平洋及大西洋鮭魚

的養護管理 ,以明瞭區域合作之實踐趨勢 .第六章為結論 .

主要參考書目
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張永恆編著，國際法院訴訟案與諮詢意見案，台北：正中書局，民國六十六年版。
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二、 論文期刊
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