隨著加密貨幣和區塊鏈技術的快速發展，安全和操作便利的加密貨幣錢包已經成為重要的研究領域。在這方面，當前主流的加密貨幣 錢包類型，如分層確定性錢包(HD Wallets)和多方計算錢包(MPC Wallets)，儘管在一定程度上提供安全保護，但在使用便利性和安全性 方面仍存在限制。例如，分層確定性錢包依賴單一種子短語來管理密鑰，一旦泄露，用戶的資金便面臨風險;而多方計算錢包則需要用戶 信任錢包提供者的計算資源。現有錢包除了本身特性上的限制外，也被限制只能使用原生幣種來支付交易所需的燃料費，讓使用者體驗不佳。

為了解決這些問題，本研究提出了一種基於帳戶抽象技術的共享式加密貨幣錢包架構，該架構利用智能合約來實現加密貨幣錢包的功能，也整合第三方服務來提升使用者體驗。本研究使用的功能包括多重簽名，要求多個授權用戶的共同認證來執行交易，從而加強交易安全。支援使用者可以選擇其他加密貨幣來支付燃料費，不再僅限於使 用原生幣種。此外，本架構也整合了相關的服務讓用戶免於記憶繁瑣的私鑰或助記詞，而可以選擇通過社交媒體登錄等更加用戶友好的方法，輕鬆存取他們的錢包。這種架構不僅提高了交易的安全性，降低了私鑰洩露風險，也提升了使用的便利性。

With the rapid advancement of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, the development of cryptocurrency wallets that ensure security and operational convenience has become a significant area of research. Current mainstream wallet types, such as Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets (HD Wallets) and Multi-Party Computation Wallets (MPC Wallets), offer a degree of security but still present limitations in usability and safety. For instance, HD Wallets rely on a single seed phrase to manage keys, exposing users' funds to potential risk if the phrase is compromised; MPC Wallets, on the other hand, require users to trust the computational resources of the wallet provider, posing centralization risks. Furthermore, existing wallets are restricted to using native cryptocurrencies for transaction fees, which can detract from user experience.

To address these challenges, this study introduces a shared cryptocurrency wallet architecture based on account abstraction technology, utilizing smart contracts to implement the functionality of cryptocurrency wallets and integrates third-party services to enhance the user experience.
This architecture incorporates multi-signature features, requiring the joint authorization of multiple users to execute transactions, thereby enhancing transaction security. It supports the payment of transaction fees in currencies other than the native cryptocurrency, enhancing flexibility for users. Additionally, this framework allows users to access their wallets through more user-friendly methods, such as social media logins, obviating the need to remember cumbersome private keys or mnemonic phrases. This architecture also integrates related services that not only heightens the security of transactions and reduces the risk of private key exposure but also improves overall user convenience.

Angelo, M. D., & Salzer, G. (2020). Wallet contracts on Ethereum. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), 1-2.
Breitner, J., & Heninger, N. (2019). Biased nonce sense: Lattice attacks against weak ECDSA signatures in cryptocurrencies. Springer-Verlag, 3-20.
Buterin, V. (2014). Ethereum: A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. White Paper, 3(37), 2-1.
Buterin, V., Weiss, Y., Tirosh, D., Nacson, S., Forshtat, A., Gazso, K., & Hess, T. (2021,September). EIP-4337: Account abstraction using alt mempool. Retrieved from https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337
Buterin, V., et al. (2021). EIP-1559: Fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain. Ethereum Improvement Proposals. Retrieved from https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559
Gennaro, R., & Goldfeder, S. (2018). Fast multiparty threshold ECDSA with fast trustless setup. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 1179–1194).
Kumar Singh, A. K., Hassan, I. U., Kaur, G., & Kumar, S. (2023). Account abstraction
via singleton entrypoint contract and verifying paymaster. In 2023 2nd International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA) (pp. 1598–1605).
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review.
Wang, Q., & Chen, S. (2023). Account abstraction, analysed. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) (pp. 323-331).
Wood, G. (2014). Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum Project Yellow Paper, (151).
Wuille, P. (2012). Hierarchical deterministic wallets. Retrieved from https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki