本論文探討臺灣離岸風力發電在能源轉型進程中，環境影響評估制度的演變軌跡，特別關注其如何由以自然地理為核心的評估模式，逐步擴展至涵蓋社會人文面向，並最終發展出具前瞻性的政策環境影響評估（Strategic Environmental Assessment, SEA）。研究以生態國家理論（Eco-State Theory）為理論基礎，採用 Gough（2016）提出的五個分析構面——工業化問題（Industrialization Problem）、國際影響（International Influence）、利益團體（Interest Groups）、制度（Institutions）與理念（Ideas）——建構分析框架，梳理自2012年以來臺灣離岸風電於示範獎勵、潛力場址與區塊開發三階段中的環評制度轉變。
研究發現，初期以個案為主的EIA制度，隨著開發規模擴大與社會關注提升，逐漸顯現其侷限性，包括難以掌握累積性與跨域影響、公眾參與不足及社會接受度偏低等問題。為因應此困境，政府自2016年起導入SEA，以政策層級的前期評估取代單一專案審查，藉以強化前瞻規劃與治理正當性。研究並指出，國際規範的滲透、利益團體的倡議、制度設計的調整與政策理念的轉向，共同推動了環評制度由EIA邁向SEA的轉型。
本論文的主要貢獻在於：（1）補足生態國家理論中對制度轉型動因的解釋缺口；（2）提出五I架構作為分析政策與制度變遷的中介模型；（3）透過海洋風場與海廣風場之比較個案，驗證制度轉型在不同階段的治理效果。研究最終指出，臺灣離岸風電環評制度的轉型不僅展現出由技術管制邏輯走向永續治理的演變，也反映出在全球氣候治理與地方社會接受度之間追求平衡的制度學習與調適歷程。

This study examines the evolution of Taiwan’s Environmental Impact Assessment （EIA） system in the context of offshore wind power development and energy transition. It focuses on how the assessment framework has expanded from a geography-centered model to include socio-cultural dimensions, ultimately transforming into a Strategic Environmental Assessment （SEA） system. Grounded in Eco-State Theory and applying Gough’s （2016） “Five I” analytical dimensions—Industrialization Problem, International Influence, Interest Groups, Institutions, and Ideas—to trace the reform trajectory of Taiwan’s EIA system across three key stages since 2012: the Demonstration Incentive Program, the Potential Site Phase, and the Zonal Development Phase.
The findings reveal that the early case-by-case EIA framework increasingly proved inadequate amid project expansion and growing social scrutiny, particularly in addressing cumulative and cross-regional impacts, enabling public participation, and achieving social acceptance. In response, Taiwan introduced SEA in 2019 to assess environmental and social impacts at the policy level, thereby enhancing strategic foresight and governance legitimacy. The analysis shows that international norms, stakeholder advocacy, institutional restructuring, and evolving policy ideas collectively shaped the transition from EIA to SEA.
This research contributes to the literature in four ways: （1） bridging the explanatory gap within Eco-State Theory regarding drivers of institutional transformation; （2） proposing the “Five I” framework as an integrative model for analyzing policy reform; （3） empirically validating the transformation process through the comparative cases of Formosa I and Formosa VI offshore wind farms. Ultimately, Taiwan’s transition from EIA to SEA reflects a paradigm shift from technocratic regulation to anticipatory environmental governance, aligning with global sustainable development and participatory governance trends.

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