本文將設定一 Translog 多產品成本函數模型，以估計台灣旅行業之規模

經濟 (Economies of Scale) 及多樣化經濟 (Economies of Scope)程度

。在 Translog 多產品成本函數模型中，係以廠商所經營之四項業務，包

括來華觀光、出國旅遊、國民旅遊及代辦業務等，當作四種不同的產品，

而要素投入則為勞動與資本租賃。實證結果顯示，台灣旅行業普遍存在規

模經濟的現象。此結果可能導致：第一，所謂``靠行''的形成；第二，規

模較小的廠商可能根據本身的競爭優勢與經營特色而採取市場區隔化策略

，以服務某特定之顧客群；第三，現有旅行業廠商之間的合併，或是來自

產業外的廠商藉購併進入旅行業市場，以從事多角化經營。另外，就產品

生產效率而言，我們以多樣化經濟存在與否認為，來華觀光與出國觀光之

間、來華觀光與國民旅遊之間，以及出國觀光與國民旅遊之間，因其業務

關聯性不大，而無法發揮資源共用共享的效果，因此不適合聯合生產。而

出國觀光與代辦業務之間，因業務關聯性大，因此若能聯合生產，則必然

能夠產生綜效。至於來華觀光與代辦業務之間，以及國民旅遊與代辦業務

之間，雖無明顯之證據顯示其具有聯合生產之優勢，但若存在閒置產能，

或是因某種業務之專業性不高，致使人力資源之轉換成本不大時，亦不排

除聯合生產之可能。

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