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研究生： 蘇毓婷
Su, Yu-Ting
論文名稱： Requirements Management of Software Development in CMMI
以CMMI為基礎提升軟體開發需求管理
指導教授： 曾淑峰
Tseng, Shu-Feng
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 商學院 - 資訊管理學系
Department of Management Information System
論文出版年： 2004
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 69
中文關鍵詞： 能力成熟度整合模式 、統一流程 、需求管理 、需求工程
外文關鍵詞： CMMI, RUP, Requirements Management, Requirements Engineering
相關次數： 點閱：143  下載：34 
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    • 在軟體開發的過程中，有效的需求管理能促成高品質的軟體及管理。在CMMI中與需求管理有關的議題包括需求發展(Requirements Development)流程領域-屬於CMMI成熟度第三級，提供一些目標、執行方法(practices)和相關資訊作為指引，協助開發團隊發展顧客需求和產品需求。另一個相關議題-需求管理(Requirements Management) 流程領域，屬於CMMI成熟度第二級，可用於幫助需求管理的規劃與控制，建立追蹤機制，以及評估改變衝擊。
    本篇論文以達成CMMI中需求發展和需求管理流程領域目標為前提，利用概念形成(Concept Formulation)和系統展示(System Representation)研究方法，並調適RUP中的需求工作流程(workflow)，最後發展出一個整合的需求管理架構-稱為IREQM(Integrated Requirements Management)，用於處理需求面的問題。本研究亦根據IREQM架構進行實作，發展出一套可協助軟體需求發展與管理的支援系統。最後，我們利用自我評鑑表，評估IREQM及依據IREQM實作的雛型系統與CMMI目標和執行方法相符的程度。

    Effective requirements management can help the software development process to ensure a high-quality software development and management process. In CMMI, the process area RD (Requirements Development) provides a set of goals, practices, and related features to develop customer and product requirements, and the process area REQM (Requirements Management) is to help establishing and appraising the quality of requirements management. Both issues are covered by the generic requirement management concerns.
    This study is conducted by the Concept Formulation and System Representation method to develop a systematic process to deal with the requirements issues in the software development process, in order to meet the RD and REQM goals in CMMI. The study proposes an integrated requirement management framework, called IREQM, tailored from the requirements workflow in RUP. A CMMI support system, to implement IREQM is established to facilitate the REQM and RD activities during the software development process. Finally, a self-appraisal checklist is used to evaluate the compliance of the IREQM framework and its implementation to the CMMI model.

    Chapter 1 Introduction 1
    1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
    1.2 Research Method 2
    1.3 Research Objectives 2
    1.4 Thesis Organization 2
    Chapter 2 Literature Review 4
    2.1 Requirements issues 4
    2.1.1 Requirements 4
    2.1.2 Requirements Engineering 4
    2.1.3 Requirements Management 7
    2.2 CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) and CMM (Capability Maturity Model) 8
    2.2.1 CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) 8
    2.2.2 REQM in CMMI 8
    2.2.3 RD in CMMI 9
    2.2.4 The Interaction of RD and REQM in CMMI 10
    2.2.5 CMM (Capability Maturity Model) 11
    2.3 RUP (Rational Unified Process) 12
    2.3.1 REQM in RUP 12
    2.3.2 UML (Unified Modeling Language) 15
    2.3.3 Other Key Items and Concepts in RUP 15
    2.4 RUP and REQM/RD process area in CMMI 17
    Chapter 3 The Integrated Requirements Management Framework (IREQM) 20
    3.1 The Framework Description 20
    3.1.1 Background Analysis and Requirements Management Planning (RMP) 22
    3.1.2 Requirements Development (RD) 23
    3.1.3 Requirements Change Management (RCM) 25
    3.2 CMMI Goals and Practices Achieved by IREQM 27
    Chapter 4 IREQM Framework Implementation - AutoREQM Prototype 28
    4.1 Background Analysis 28
    4.2 Requirements Management Planning via RMP 29
    4.3 Requirements Development via RD 31
    4.3.1 Develop Vision 31
    4.3.2 Understand Stakeholder Needs and Elicit Stakeholder Requests 32
    4.3.3 Analyze Functions (Features) 32
    4.3.4 Analyze Operational Workflow 33
    4.3.5 Find, Prioritize and Detail Use Cases 37
    4.3.6 Analyze Supplementary Specification and Capture Common Vocabulary 40
    4.3.7 Validate Requirements 40
    4.4 Screen Display of AutoREQM with Internet-Banking Example 40
    Chapter 5 CMMI Self-Appraisal 58
    Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Research 65
    References 67

    List of Figures
    Figure 1 The Research Process 3
    Figure 2 Requirements Engineering Process (Loucopoulos and Karakostas, 1995) 5
    Figure 3 Zachman Framework (Zachman, 2003) 7
    Figure 4 The Requirements Workflow in RUP (Rational Software Corporation, 2003) 14
    Figure 5 Activities within Requirements Workflow in RUP and Roles Responsible for Them (Rational Software Corporation, 2003) 15
    Figure 6 IREQM Framework 21
    Figure 7 Insititutionalized RD Process 23
    Figure 8 Insitutionalized RCM Process 25
    Figure 9 Manage RD Artifacts 34
    Figure 10 Manage Requirement Change 35
    Figure 11 Support Management Change 36
    Figure 12 AutoREQM Use Case Packages 37
    Figure 13 Use Case Diagram Contained in RD Package 37
    Figure 14 Use Case Diagram Contained in RCM Package 38
    Figure 15 Use Case Diagram Contained in Management Support Package 38

    List of Tables
    Table 1 GGs, GPs, SGs and SPs of REQM in CMMI (CMU/SEI, 2002) 8
    Table 2 GGs, GPs, SPs and SPs of RD in CMMI (CMU/SEI, 2002) 9
    Table 3 Engineering Process Areas in CMMI 11
    Table 4 REQM Goals in CMM 12
    Table 5 Software Product Engineering Goals in CMM 12
    Table 6 Requirements Workflow Details in RUP (Rational Software Corporation, 2003) 14
    Table 7 key Requirements Management Items in RUP (Rational Software Corporation, 2003) 16
    Table 8 The Missing or Incomplete CMM Key Practices Required in RUP 18
    Table 9 The Corresponded CMMI Key Practices of REQM and RD 18
    Table 10 5W1H Analysis for the IREQM Framework 22
    Table 11 5W1H Analysis for the RD Process 24
    Table 12 5W1H Analysis for the Institutionalized RCM 26
    Table 13 Traceability Relationships and Complementary Documents 30
    Table 14 Traceability Criteria 30
    Table 15 Requirements Types and Attributes 30
    Table 16 Problem Statements 31
    Table 17 Stakeholder Descriptions 31
    Table 18 Derived Features with Stakeholder Needs in AutoREQM 33
    Table 19 Prioritized Use Cases 39
    Table 20 Sample NEEDs, FEATs, UCs, and Traceability Relationships 41
    Table 21 Sample Requests for Requirements Change 42
    Table 22 Characteristics of CMMI Appraisal Method Classes 58
    Table 23 Appraisal Checklist for Supporting REQM Process Area in CMMI Level 2 59
    Table 24 Appraisal Checklist for Supporting RD Process Area in CMMI Level 3 61

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