| 研究生: |
張憶欣 |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
在中學實行創意教學:兩位英語教師之個案研究 Implementing creative language teaching in high schools: a case study of two EFL teachers |
| 指導教授: | 招靜琪 |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
外國語文學院 - 英國語文學系 Department of English |
| 論文出版年: | 2010 |
| 畢業學年度: | 98 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 95 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 創意教師 、創意教學 、語言教學 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | creative teacher, creative teaching, language teaching |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:133 下載:0 |
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本文旨在探討台灣中學英語教師的創意教學,並且進一步探究社會文化情境因素如何影響老師的創意教學。本研究的個案為兩位資深且具有豐富教學經驗的創意教師,分別任教於國中以及高中。本研究採質性研究法,藉由教室觀察、訪談以及文件分析收集資料。
本研究顯示兩位創意教師的教學創意主要展現在:(1) 採用多樣化的教材以及教具,(2) 語言教學結合真實語言使用,(3) 採用學習者中心的教學法,(4) 採用多元性的評量以及 (5) 展現純熟的教室管理技巧。此外本研究也發現社會文化情境因素的確對教師發展教學創意有影響,特別是學門的守門人。而兩位創意教師的教學經歷也顯示出發展創意教學可能遇到的困境。即便創意教學的本質被認可,但是在沒有滿足社會期待的狀況下,並不一定會被學門或是領域所認同。有鑑於兩位個案教師所曾經歷的困境,本研究提出教學上的建議:實行創意教學應當先從教學上做小規模的改變,從小規模的改變開始慢慢發展,以期達到發展創意教學以及減少無法滿足社會期待的衝突。
The preset study aimed to investigate teacher’s creativity in teaching foreign languages, with emphasis on high school English teachers in Taiwan, and further investigated how sociocultural contexts influence the teachers’ creativity. The participants are two acknowledged creative English teachers, teaching in junior high school and senior high school respectively. The data collection instruments include classroom observations, interviews and document collection. The data was analyzed qualitatively to see how two creative teachers employ their creativity in teaching English as a foreign language in everyday classroom practice and how the sociocultural contexts influence the teachers’ creativity.
Through analyzing the data, the two teachers’ teaching creativity was found to be demonstrated in (1) adopting a variety of teaching materials and aids; (2) making connections between language learning and real life; (3) giving ample space for learner-centered instruction; (4) creating multiple ways of assessment; and (5) exhibiting sophisticated classroom management strategies. Besides, the results indicated that sociocultural contexts have indeed had impacts on the teachers’ development, especially from school authority and students’ parents. Difficulties that the two teachers encountered suggest that not all the creative teaching efforts would be accepted with appreciation, although the efforts might be recognized as creative. With regard to challenges that the language teachers faced, the result suggested that implementation of creative language teaching should start with rather smaller-scale changes in teaching and progress gradually in order to maintain a balance between creative teaching and social expectations.
CHINESE ABSTRACT vii
ENGLISH ABSTRACT viii
INTRODUCTION 1
Background 1
Purpose and Research Questions of the Study 3
LITERATURE REVIEW 4
Definition of Creativity 4
Approaches to the Study of Creativity 6
Creativity in Teaching 8
English Education in High School in Taiwan 12
Recent Studies on Creative Teachers 10
METHODOLOGY 14
Participants and Their Teaching Contexts 14
Criteria of Selecting the Participants 14
Background of the participants 15
Data Collection 16
Classroom Observations 16
Interviews 17
Document Collection 17
Procedure 17
Classroom Observations 18
Interviews 19
Formal interviews 19
Informal interviews 20
Additional interviews 21
Data Analysis 22
Framework of the Study 22
Analysis 24
Reliability and Trustworthiness 25
RESULTS AND FINDINGS 26
Case 1: Ann 26
Background and Teaching Experience 26
Teaching experience and educational background 27
Teacher training or teacher education program Ann attended 29
Current Teaching Experience and Creative Practice 30
Other teaching experiences 30
Ann’s creative experience and practice 31
The Purposes of Creative Teaching 33
Sources of Creativity 34
Personality 34
Other teachers. 35
Family members and friends 36
Support from the academic affairs supervisor 37
Difficulties that Ann Encountered in School and Teaching Context 37
Case 2: Betty 41
Background and Teaching Experience 41
Teaching experience and educational background 41
Teacher training or teacher education program Betty attended 43
Current Teaching Experience and Creative Practice 44
Other teaching experience 44
Betty’s creative experience and practice 45
The Purposes of Creative Teaching 48
Sources of Creativity 49
Personality 49
Other teachers. 50
Family members and friends 51
Mass media 52
Difficulties that Betty Encountered in School and Teaching Context 52
CROSS CASE ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 54
Addressing Research Question 1 54
Adopting a Variety of Teaching Materials and Aids 55
Making Connections between Language Learning and Real Life 57
Giving Ample Space for Learner-centered Instruction 60
Creating Multiple Ways of Assessment 62
Exhibiting Sophisticated Classroom Management Strategies 65
Addressing Research Question 2 66
Similar Sociocultural Factors that Influence the Teachers’ Creativity 69
Difference in Sociocultural Factors that Influence the Teachers’ Creativity 71
The Challenges They Have Encountered 73
Addressing Research Question 3 74
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 77
Major Findings of the Present Study 77
Pedagogical Implications 79
Limitations of the Present Study 81
Suggestions for Further Study 81
Conclusion 82
APPENDICES 90
Appendix A 90
Appendix B 92
Appendix C 94
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