| 研究生: |
黃心綸 Huang, Hsin Lun |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
漢語動補結構中的致使義:從論元體現而論 Causativity in Chinese resultative compounds: on the account of argument realization |
| 指導教授: |
何萬順
Her, One Soon |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
外國語文學院 - 語言學研究所 Graduate Institute of Linguistics |
| 論文出版年: | 2012 |
| 畢業學年度: | 100 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 117 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 漢語動補結構 、致使義 、論元體現 、詞彙功能語法 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Chinese resultative compounds, Causativity, Argument Realization, Lexical Functional Grammar |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:214 下載:79 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
漢語的動補結構長久以來一直是漢語語言學中一個複雜難解的議題,動補結構中的論元在句法上應如何體現及其相對應的語意應如何解讀更是許多語言學家致力解決的問題。衍生語法學派 (Derivational Grammar) 的學者 (Cheng and Huang, 1994; Cheng et al, 1997; Huang, 2006, 2007; Li, 1995) 及詞彙功能語法學派 (Lexical Functional Grammar) 的學者 (Her, 2004, 2007, 2009; Shibagaki, 2009) 均曾試圖提出對於漢語動補結構最正確有效的分析,本論文旨在證明衍生語法學派之理論在動補結構分析上的錯誤及不足,並點出詞彙功能語法學派之理論在預測動補結構的論元體現 (argument realization) 及語意解讀 (semantic interpretation) 上有較全面的分析。
然而,某些動補結構,如「這一大桌子菜胖死我了」,含有不同於其他動補結構的致使義 (Causativity),進而產生特殊的論元體現模式,此情形卻未被涵蓋在詞彙功能語法學派的理論分析中,本論文也依循詞彙功能語法的理論框架,試圖提出足以預測此種特定動補結構論元體現的句法規則,以彌補詞彙功能語法理論在分析此動補結構的論元體現上之遺漏,使其整體分析更臻完善。
Resultative compounds in Mandarin Chinese have long been a complicated issue in Chinese linguistics. Many researchers have put great effort in trying to solve the problem of how arguments of Chinese resultative compounds should be syntactically realized and how corresponding interpretations should be achieved. Researchers of Derivational Grammar (Cheng and Huang, 1994; Cheng et al, 1997; Huang, 2006, 2007; Li, 1995) and those of Lexical Functional Grammar (Her, 2004, 2007, 2009; Shibagaki, 2009) have all attempted to propose analyses that are accurate in predicting the argument realization and compound predication of Chinese resultative compounds. This thesis aims to prove the insufficiency in the prediction power of derivational accounts and endeavors to show that the account of Lexical Functional Grammar is superior in the analysis of resultative compounds in terms of argument realization and compound interpretation.
However, some resultative compounds, such as that in zhe yi da zhuozi cai pang-si wo le (‘This whole table of dishes is making me fat.’), have certain causativity that makes them different from others in terms of argument realization. Resultative compounds like these are not included in the analysis of lexicalist accounts. Based on the theoretical framework of Lexical Functional Grammar, this thesis also makes an attempt to propose a syntactic rule that predicts the correct argument realization pattern of the kind of resultative compounds mentioned above. It is the goal of this thesis that the proposed rule covers the analysis of the resultative compounds that is missing in previous accounts and makes the lexicalist account given in this thesis a better solution in working on the issues of Chinese resultative compounds.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements......................................... iv
Chinese Abstract........................................ vii
English Abstract......................................... ix
Chapter
1. Introduction........................................... 1
2. Literature Review...................................... 5
2.1 Derivational Account.................................. 5
2.1.1 Categorizations of Chinese Resultative Compounds.... 6
2.1.2 Syntactic Constraints on Compound Interpretations... 9
2.1.3 Derivational Operations on Chinese Resultative
Compounds.......................................... 13
2.2 Lexicalist Account................................... 21
2.3 Availability of the Accounts to Chinese Resultative
Compounds............................................ 27
2.3.1 Insufficiencies in the Derivational Account........ 27
2.3.2 Predictability of the Lexical Functional Grammar
Account............................................ 35
3. Theoretical Background................................ 41
3.1 Lexical Mapping Theory(LMT).......................... 41
3.2 Intrinsic and Default Morphosyntactic Classification of
Argument Roles (IC & DC)............................. 44
3.3 The Unified Mapping Principle (UMP).................. 45
3.4 Causative Assignment in Resultative Compounding...... 47
4 Causativity in Chinese Resultative Compounds........... 53
4.1 Internal vs. External Causativity.................... 53
4.2 Morpholexical Fusion of Chinese Causative Verbs and
Resultative Compounds................................ 58
4.2.1 Romance Causatives and Chinese Causative Resultative
Compounds.......................................... 62
4.2.2 Verbs Allowed in the Causative Resultative
Compounds.......................................... 73
4.3 Newly Coined Resultative Compounds................... 83
5 Argument Realizations of Chinese Resultative
Compounds.............................................. 87
5.1 Argument-Function Remapping.......................... 87
5.2 Result as “Extent”................................. 95
5.3 Dual Status of V2 in Chinese Resultative Compounds.. 100
6 Conclusion ........................................... 107
References ............................................. 111
Ackerman, F. (1992). Complex predicates and morpholexical
relatedness: Locative alternation in Hungarian. In I.
Sag, & A. Szabolcsi (Eds.), Lexical Matters (pp. 55-
83). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
Aissen, J. L. (1979). The Syntax of Causative
Constructions. New York: Garland. Originally 1974
doctoral dissertation, Harvard Univeristy.
Alsina, A. (1992). On the argument structure of causatives.
Linguistic Inquiry, 23(4), 517-555.
Alsina, A. (1996). The role of argument structure in
grammar: Evidence from Romance. Stanford, CA: Center
Study Language & Information.
Bresnan, J. & Kanerva, J. (1989). Locative inversion in
Chichewa: A case study of factorization in grammar.
Linguistic Inquiry, 20, 1-50.
Bresnan, J. (1990). Monotonicity and the theory of relation
changes in LFG. Ohak Yonku/Language Research, 26(4),
637-652.
Bresnan, J., & Zaenen, A. (1990). Deep unaccusativity in
LFG. In D. Katarzyna et al. (Eds.), Grammatical
Relations: A Cross-Theoretical Perspective (pp. 45-57).
Stanford, CA: The Center for the Study of Language and
Information, Stanford Univeristy.
Bresnan, J. & Kanerva, J. (1992). The thematic hierarchy
and locative inversion in UG: A reply to Schachter’s
comments. Syntax and Semantics: Syntax and the Lexicon,
111-25. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Bresnan, J. (2001). Lexical-Functional Syntax. Oxford:
Blackwell.
Burzio, L. (1986). Italian Syntax: A Government-Binding
Approach. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
Butt, M., King, T. C., Niño, M. & Segond, F. (1999). A
Grammar-Writer’s Cookbook. Stanford, Calif: CSLI
Publications.
Chao, Y. (1968). A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Chao, C. (2009). The argument realization of resultative
constructions in Mandarin Chinese: A preliminary
investigation. Journal of Chinese Language Teaching, 6
(2), 23-43.
Cheng, L. L. & Huang, C.-T. James. (1994). On the argument
structure of resultative compounds. In M. Chen et al.
(Eds.), In Honor of William S-Y. Wang:
Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Language
Change, 187-221. Taipei: Pyramid.
Cheng, L. L.-S., Huang,C.-T. J. Li, Y.-H. A. & Tang, C.-C.
J. 1997. Causative compounds across Chinese dialects: A
study of Cantonese, Mandarin and Taiwanese. Chinese
Languages and Linguistics, 4, 199-224. Academia Sinica.
Chiu, D. (2001). Kouyuzhong pubian er you teshu de buyu
leixin: Ganshou chengdu buyu. [口語中普遍而又特殊的補語類
型—感受程度補語]. Journal of Guangzhou University, 15.
Guangzhou University.
Comrie, B. (1985). Causative verb formation and other verb-
deriving morphology. In T Shopen (Ed.), Language
Typology and Syntactic Description, 3. New York: CUP.
Croft, W. (1991). Syntactic Categories and Grammatical
Relations. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Dowty, D. (1991). Thematic proto-roles and argument
selection. Language, 67(3), 547-619.
Falk, Y. N. (2001). Lexical-Functional Grammar: An
Introduction to Parallel Constraint-Based Syntax.
Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
Fodor, J. (1970). Three reasons for not to derive “kill”
from “cause to die”. Linguistic Inquiry, 1, 429-438.
Her, O. (2004). Argument-function linking in resultatives.
Concentric: Studies in Linguistics, 30(2), 1-34.
Her, O. (2006). Optimality-theoretic lexical mapping
theory: A case study of locative inversion.
International Journal of Technology and Human
Interaction, 2(1), 67-94.
Her, O. (2007). Argument-function mismatches in Mandarin
resultatives: A lexical mapping account. Lingua, 117
(1), 221-246.
Her, O. (2009). Apparent subject-object inversion in
Chinese. Linguistics, 47(5), 1143-1181.
Huang, C.-T. James. (2006). Resultatives and unaccusatives:
A parametric view. Bulletin of the Chinese Linguistic
Society of Japan 253: 1-43.
Huang, C.-T. James. (2007). Hanyu dongci de tiyuan jiegou
yu qi jufa biaoxian [Thematic structures of verbs in
Chinese and their syntactic projections]. Yuyan Kexue, 6
(4), 3-21.
Huang, C., & Lin, F. (1993). Composite event structures and
complex predicates: A template-based approach to
argument selection. In L. S. e. a. Stvan (Ed.), Flsm
iii: Papers from the third annual meeting of the formal
linguistics society of midamerica (pp. 90-108).
Bloomington, IN: Indiana U Linguistics Club.
Huang, H. (2008a). Syntax and polysemy of Chinese V-si
construction. The 58th annual conference of the Chinese
Linguistic Society of Japan. Kyoto, Japan. October 25-
26, 2008.
Huang, H. (2008b). 1,000 ways to die: Resultative V-si in
Mandarin Chinese. Fifth international conference on
Construction Grammar. Austin, Texas. September 26-28,
2008.
Jackendoff, R. S. (1990). Semantic Structures. Cambridge,
Mass: MIT Press.
Levin, B., & Rappaport Hovav, M. (1996). Lexical semantics
and syntactic structure. In S. Lappin (Ed.), The
handbook of contemporary semantic theory (pp. 487-507).
Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Li, Y. (1995). The thematic hierarchy and causativity.
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 13(2), 255-282.
Lin, H. (1996). A lexical-syntactic analysis of resultative
compounds in Mandarin Chinese. Studies in the
Linguistic Sciences, 26(1-2), 193-204.
Liu, H. (2006). Purification of taboo: On
grammaticalization of si and its function as an
excessive complement. Chinese Linguistics in Europe:
Chinese Linguistics in Budapest, 33-50.
Liu, L. (2003). Xiandai hanyu jixin chengdu buyu chutan. [現
代漢語極性程度補語初探]. Journal of Beijing Normal
University, 6, 115-120.
Manning, C. D. (1996). Ergativity: Argument Structure and
Grammatical Relations. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
McCawley, J. (1978). Conversational implicature and the
lexicon. In P. Cole (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics, 9. New
York Academic Press.
Rappaport, M. H. & Levin, B. (2000). Classifying single
argument verbs. In P. Coopmans et al. (Eds.), Lexical
Specification and Insertion (pp.269-304).
Schmied, J., & Haase, C. (2007). Causation, cognition and
corpora-an integrationist view. Web Journal of Formal,
Computational & Cognitive Linguistics, 9(Jan-Dec), [np].
Shibagaki, R. (2009). Affected roles and linking in
Mandarin resultatives. In J. Brooke et al. (Eds.),
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on East
Asian Linguistics. Simon Frazer University Working
Papers in Linguistics, 2.
Tai, J. H. -. Y. (2003). Cognitive relativism: Resultative
construction in Chinese. Language and Linguistics, 4
(2), 301-316.
Tang, T. (2002). The causative-inchoative alternation in
Chinese compound verbs. [Transliterated title not
available] Language and Linguistics, 3(3), 615-644.
Thompson, S. A. (1973). Resultative verb compounds in
Mandarin Chinese: A case for lexical rules. Language, 49
(2), 361-379.
Wang, L. and He, Y. (2002). Hanyu donjie jiegou [漢語動節結
構]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Publishing United Group.
Wu, P. (2009). A semantic analysis of event structure of
shi-construction. [Transliterated title not available]
Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao (Renwen Shehui Kexue Ban)/Journal
of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences
Edition), 39(3), 157-164.
Wu, Y. (2010). Headedness and argument realization in
Mandarin resultative compounds. Unpublished master
thesis, National Chengchi University, Taiwan.
Zhou, C. (2007). Causativity expression and cross-
linguistic variation of resultative constructions.
Journal of Chinese Language and Computing, 17(4), 189-
210.
Zhou, H. (2006). Study on causative sentence structuring in
Chinese language. Bohai Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue
Shehuikexue Ban)/Journal of Bohai University
(Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 28(1), 5-10.
Zhu, D. (1982). Yufa Jiangyi. Peking: Shangwu Yinshuguan.