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| 研究生： |
康迪恩 Dean Karalekas |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
認同與轉變: 中華民國(台灣)軍民關係的認知研究 Identity and Transformation: Perceptions of Civil-Military Relations in the Republic of China (Taiwan) |
| 指導教授： |
卜道
David Blundell |
| 學位類別： |
博士
Doctor |
| 系所名稱： |
社會科學學院 - 亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS) International Doctor Program in Asia-Pacific Studies(IDAS) |
| 論文出版年： | 2016 |
| 畢業學年度： | 105 |
| 語文別： | 中文 |
| 論文頁數： | 180 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 台灣身份 、軍事變革 、自我認同 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | Taiwan Identity, Military Transformation, Self-Identification |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：62 下載：31 |
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隨著政治在台灣不斷發展，兩者之間的關係也隨之而來 中華民國（ROC）軍事和社會。民主化，民間社會的增長，經濟和社會自由化，以及更大在性別和性取向方面的平等標誌著一個台灣社會成為自由主義，大部分是在西方大部分地區發生的相同模式。如社會變得更加開放和自由，一直有政府的傾向政策制定者推動軍隊 - 一個重要的社會制度 - 在這個方向。然而，問題出現，當西方例子遵循沒有適當評估它們是否適合當地條件。一個例子是push將中華民國軍轉變為全志願軍：這在西方工作，因為它有機地發生，並基於之前進行的詳盡的社會學研究實施。但對台灣來說是正確的嗎？為了評估西方例子的適用性，本研究使用其理論構建後現代軍事模型，這是一個用於描述的理論構造如何通過感知威脅的變化驅動軍民關係的變化。由開發美國軍事社會學家查爾斯·莫斯科斯，約翰·艾倫·威廉姆斯和大衛·西格爾PMMM描述了在美國軍隊和其他地方發生的變革武裝部隊在世界上，並有助於理解軍民關係的狀態。這個研究根據PMMM的11個維度來評估ROC軍隊確定軍民關係的現狀，同時也提供評估該模型適用於台灣的獨特背景。
本研究採用定量方法，使用對提供初級的中華民國公民的調查數據，輔以文件證據，以確定民用軍事的現狀關係使用PMMM的11維度作為框架。分析結果
表明，中華民國軍隊不適合PMMM的模式，但在某種程度上雖然如此，卻揭示了台灣軍民關係的現狀。仔細看看這些維度揭示了PMMM如何，而不是政策制定者的適當路線圖但是它是了解中華民國軍民現狀的一個很好的工具關係，還可以有助於形成更好的政策。
As the polity continues to evolve in Taiwan, so too does the relationship between the Republic of China (ROC) military and society.
Democratization, the growth of civil society, economic and social liberalization, and greater equality in terms of gender and sexual orientation have marked a Taiwan society that is becoming liberal, largely in the same pattern that has taken place in much of the West. As society becomes more open and free, there has been a tendency for government and policymakers to push the military—an important social institution—in that direction as well.
The problem arises, however, when Western examples are followed without a proper assessment of whether they are appropriate for local conditions. An example is the push to transition the ROC military to an All-Volunteer Force: this worked in the West because it happened organically and based on exhaustive sociological research conducted prior to implementation. But is it the right thing for Taiwan?
In order to assess the applicability of the Western example, this research uses as its theoretical construct the Postmodern Military Model, which is a theoretical construct used to describe how civil-military relations transform driven by changes in perceived threat. As developed by US military sociologists Charles C. Moskos, John Allen Williams, and David R. Segal, the PMMM describes the transformations that have taken place in the US military and other armed forces in the world, and aids in understanding the state of civil-military relations. This research assesses the ROC military according to the 11 dimensions of the PMMM to determine the current state of civil-military relations, while also providing an assessment of the model’s applicability to the unique context of Taiwan.
This study employs quantitative methods, using a survey of ROC citizens providing primary data, supplemented by documentary evidence, to determine the current state of civil-military relations using as a framework the 11 dimensions of the PMMM. Analysis of the findings indicate that the ROC military does not neatly fit the pattern of the PMMM, but in a way that nonetheless sheds light on the state of civil-military relations in Taiwan. A closer look at these dimensions reveals how the PMMM, while not an appropriate roadmap for policymakers, is nevertheless an excellent tool for understanding the current state of ROC civil-military relations, and can yet contribute to the formation of better policy.
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Research Area, Research Interest, and Research Topic 1
1.2 The Armed Forces of the Republic of China (ROC) 1
1.3 Structure 3
1.4 Relevance of the Current Research 4
1.5 Summary of Research 4
1.6 Practical and Theoretical Value of the Current Research 5
Chapter 2: Literature Review 7
2.1 Review of Literature 7
2.2 Moskos’s Postmodern Military Model 7
2.3 PMMM Dimensions 10
2.3(i)Perceived Threat 10
2.3(ii) Force Structure 12
2.3(iii) Major Mission Definition 13
2.3(iv) Dominant Military Professional 14
2.3(v) Public Attitude Toward the Military 15
2.3(vi) Media Relations 16
2.3(vii) Civilian Employees 18
2.3(viii) Women’s Role in the Military 19
2.3(ix) Spouses and the Military Community 21
2.3(x) Homosexuals in the Military 21
2.3(xi) Conscientious Objection 22
2.4 Ethnic Self-Identification 23
Chapter 3: Research Methodology 28
3.1 Dependent Variables 28
3.1(i) Perceived Threat 28
3.1(ii) Major Mission Definition 29
3.1(iii) Public Attitude 29
3.1(iv) Media Relations 29
3.1(v) Women's Role, Homosexuals in the Military 30
3.1(vi) Conscientious Objection 30
3.1(vii) Force Structure 30
3.2 Independent Variables 31
3.3 Research Questions 32
3.4 Population 35
3.5 Research Design and Ethical Considerations 35
3.6 Definition and Conceptualization 36
3.6(i) Extraneous Dimensions 38
3.7 Operationalization 39
3.8 Research Strategy 40
3.9 Validity 40
Chapter 4: Findings 42
4.1 Results 43
4.1(i) Sample Composition 43
4.2 Descriptive Analysis of Independent Variables 47
4.2(i) Self-Identification 47
4.2(ii) Identification (Taiwanese vs. Chinese) and Demographics 49
4.2(iii) Position on Unification/Independence 52
4.2(iv) Political Tendencies 54
4.3 Correlations Analysis of Dependent Variables 57
4.3(i) The China Threat 57
4.3(ii) Cross-strait worries 58
4.3(iii) Problems Faced by the Military 60
4.3(iv) Major Mission Definition 66
4.3(v) Military Reflecting Societal Values 71
4.3(vi) Willingness to Fight 75
4.3(vii) Faith in the Military 76
4.3(viii) Military Investigations 77
4.3(ix) Media Coverage of the Military 78
4.3(x) Females/Homosexuals in Uniform 79
4.3(xi) Conscription 81
4.3(xii) Conscientious Objection 89
4.3(xiii) Sending One’s Own Children to the Military 90
Chapter 5: Analysis 93
5.1 Placement of the ROC Military 93
5.2 PMMM in an ROC Context 93
5.3 Threat Perception in Taiwan 95
5.3(i) Threat Perception Among Mainlanders 97
5.3(ii) Culture War 99
5.3(iii) Research Findings 100
5.4 Force Structure in the ROC 104
5.4(i) Research Findings 106
5.5 Mission Definition in the ROC
5.5(i) Research Findings 112
5.6 Dominant Military Professional in the ROC 115
5.6(i) Research Findings 117
5.7 Public Attitude Toward the ROC Military 118
5.7(i) Research Findings 121
5.8 Media Relations and the ROC Military 123
5.8(i) Research Findings 125
5.9 Civilian Employees and the ROC Military 126
5.10 Women and the Military 127
5.10(i) Feminist Perspective 127
5.10(ii) Previous Research 128
5.10(iii) Role of Women in Chinese Culture 131
5.10(iv) Gender Equality in Taiwan Society 132
5.10(v) Women in the Workforce 134
5.10(vi) The Women’s Movement in Taiwan 137
5.10(vii) Women in the ROC Military 138
5.10(viii) Research Findings 140
5.11 Spouses and the Military Community 141
5.11(i) Military Spouses in Taiwan 143
5.12 Homosexuals in the ROC Military 146
5.12(i) Research Findings 148
5.13 Conscientious Objection 149
5.13(i) Conscientious Objection in Taiwan 150
5.13(ii) Research Findings 152
6: Discussion 153
6.1 Analysis of Results 153
6.2 The American Example 156
6.2(i) Political Imperative 156
6.2(ii) Demographics 157
6.2(iii) Cost 157
6.2(iv) Moral Considerations 157
6.2(v) Opposition to the Vietnam War 158
6.2(vi) The US Army had a Desire for Change 159
6.3 A Culturalist Perspective 159
6.3(i) The Identity Conundrum 160
6.4 Organizational Cultural Change 162
6.5 Limitations of the Study and Recommendations for Future Research 164
6.6 Policy Recommendations 165
6.6(i) Focus on the Land 165
6.6(ii) Conscription 165
6.6(iii) Training 166
6.6(iv) Civilian Employees 168
6.6(v) Transparency 168
6.6(vi) Cadets Youth Program 169
6.6(vii) Ethnic Indigenous Regiments 169
6.7 Conclusion 170
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