由於台灣與南韓近期的政權與溝通的更迭，兩國國內的政治焦點又再次轉向正義，尤其是針對在獨裁政權統治下，受到迫害的人民而言的歷史正義。雖然台灣與南韓在二十世紀時，都經歷了相似的政治進程，但兩國在處理政治轉型前的人權迫害問題，即所謂的轉型正義的方法卻不盡相同。在南韓，轉型後的政府開始推行一系列的政策，包括成立真相委員會、審判兩名前任總統、為國家暴力的受害者建立多重補償法案。相對的，台灣政府的作法則較為零碎，使用相對消極的方法尋找真相、提供戒嚴時期的受害者賠償、目前則處理長久以來具有爭議性的國民黨黨產問題。本論文將檢視此兩個東亞「第三波」民主國家，在處理轉型正義的問題上（亦即尋求真相與責任歸屬）為何會採用兩種徹底不同的解決之道，並對不同解決方式背後的環境、歷史、制度下的原因提出疑問；接著探討南韓政府這看似合理的做法為何僅是紙上談兵，究竟有何欠缺。針對兩國的轉型正義議題，本論文試著提出一項溫和的轉型正義推動政策，以滿足受害者對於真相、對於平復的渴望，以促進兩國內部對立團體的和解。

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