隨著Shor演算法的發表與量子電腦快速發展，RSA、ECC等傳統公開金鑰演算法面臨被量子電腦破解的危機。有鑑於此，NIST公開徵選可抵抗量子電腦攻擊的後量子密碼學（Post-Quantum Cryptography，PQC）演算法，近期已陸續發布標準並呼籲各界進行PQC遷移（Migration），汰換傳統公鑰演算法。
企業級許可制區塊鏈依賴數位簽章保證交易完整及不可否認性，目前採用的橢圓曲線數位簽章同樣存在被量子電腦破解風險。本研究以Hyperledger Fabric為實驗平臺，嘗試整合NIST ML-DSA後量子簽章標準實現抗量子攻擊，並對新增PQC簽章後的效能差異進行系統化分析與評估。
透過分析Hyperledger Fabric與數位簽章相關的交易環節，本研究修改背書驗證相關程式增加ML-DSA簽章程序，驗證區塊內容資料變化，並透過 Caliper效能評測工具比較不同ML-DSA金鑰參數組之吞吐量（TPS）、交易延遲（Latency）等性能指標。此外，實驗特別分離簽章運算與寫入資料兩種行為，觀察PQC演算法帶來的額外運算與額外資料量，何者對區塊鏈交易效能影響較大。
實驗結果顯示，依金鑰簽章參數不同，加入ML-DSA簽章後吞吐量會下降約40%–68%，而對照模擬不同交易資料長度之效能測試結果，則證明ML-DSA憑證與簽名增加資料量為影響區塊鏈效能之主因。
此外，本研究分析並改良Caliper固定負載測試可能出現不穩定及數據失準問題，提出使用隨機抖動（Jitter）技術改善的做法。配合實驗需要所開發自動測試與分析開源工具，亦可做為未來相關研究之參考

The rise of quantum computing threatens the cryptographic foundations of permissioned blockchains. This research assesses the performance impact of migrating Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) to the NIST-standardized Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) digital signature algorithm, ML-DSA.
We modified HLF's endorsement and validation mechanisms and conducted a systematic performance evaluation using the Caliper benchmark tool to measure the impact on throughput (TPS) and latency. The study specifically isolates the effects of computational overhead versus the increased data size of quantum-resistant artifacts.
Experimental results reveal that integrating ML-DSA decreases transaction throughput by 40%–68%, depending on the security parameters. Our analysis demonstrates that this performance degradation is primarily caused by the larger data size of ML-DSA certificates and signatures, rather than the computational cost of the algorithm itself. These findings provide crucial benchmarks and insights for the practical migration of enterprise blockchains to PQC.
The thesis also introduces an improvement to the Caliper benchmark tool using random jitter to enhance testing stability and accuracy.

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