近二十年來，台灣經濟快速發展，隨著產業結構變遷，電子業已成為我國成長最快的產業之一，其中半導體產業成長快速，已成為全球半導體代工重鎮。政府、企業管理當局及投資者實有必要了解該產業景氣波動及企業內部營運特質對企業經營績效的影響。

本研究以台灣14家半導體業上市公司為樣本，研究期間為民國81年至民國87年，完整包含一個景氣循環。在研究中以迴歸方式對實證資料進行分析，以評估(1)產業景氣循環與企業經營績效的關係、(2)企業內部營運特質與其經營績效的關係。

實證結果顯示，在產業景氣循環方面，不論採用當期或前期平均薪資指數或是工業生產指數或是合併採用此二種景氣指標，產業景氣循環與企業的經營績效均呈顯著正向關係。

在企業內部營運特質方面，不論以資產報酬率或營業利益率做為企業經營績效的衡量指標，員工生產力及生產自動化程度與企業經營績效皆呈顯著正相關。銷貨成長率與企業經營績效亦呈正向的關係。本研究發現，我國半導體產業中，公司規模與經營績效呈反向關係，本研究結果顯示，半導體企業應注意最適規模才不會因為規模過大而處於經濟不規模的狀況而降低企業的競爭力。整體來看企業營運特質對企業經營績效是有顯著的影響。尤以銷貨成長率、員工生產力及生產自動化程度最為明顯。

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