本研究旨在探討，就「看新聞」這件事而言，專家生手的知識結構有何不同?

測量閱聽大眾的「知識」，一直是傳播研究中主要的課題之一，但以往對於「知識」的定義卻過於偏狹，侷限於以點狀性的事實性知識(如:人名、地名) ，來「考」出受訪者的知識程度，而忽略了受訪者整體的知識「結構」。

本研究嘗試以認知心理學中的基模理論(Schema Theory) 為以上問題提出解決之道。基模理論中對於知識結構的問題提供了豐富的理論基礎，且對「專家」的知識結構特質有廣泛的探討。本研究即引用這些理論，來探究在「看新聞」這件事上，是否可依受訪者政治知識結構的不同，而將其區分為「專家」與「生手」兩群人。

本研究以景美區民眾為母體，採立意抽樣法抽出受訪樣本，共244 人。採用開放式問卷來探究受訪者在「回憶」與「推論」新聞上的表現，以評量其知識結構之差異。所用的統計方法包括百分比、交叉分析、因素分析、區別分析。

研究結果顯示，專家與生手不只是知識「量」的差別而己，在知識結構上也確有差異。在本研究所提出的六項測量指標(回憶命題總數、微命題數、議題取向命題數、新聞要素類目數、推論面向數、深層想法數)上，專家的表現都優於生手，二者有顯著差異，且這六項指標可以成功地區分出專家與生手這兩群人。

由此可知，專家的知識結構具有以下特性: ?具有較大的凝聚力;?具有較大的知識單位;?具功能性的組織方式;?具較高的複雜度;?具抽象思考能力，而生手則反是。

因此，可由這些區別，對記者的新聞寫作提出以下建議:

一、提供新聞事件的背景資料。

二、在導言中提供必要的重點。

三、各段獨立的處理方式。

四、提供多元化的剖析角度及論點。

五、注重新聞事件的意涵，依議題取向，而非事件取向。

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