研究目的
本研究旨在透過台北市國小校長，與其三個主要參照團體的認定與接受，來辨析其所應履行的角色職務，與履行其角色所應表現之適當行為，瞭解國小校長在角色職務與領導行為上的實際表現。最後，提出建議，俾供國小校長改進其角色行為之參考。方法程序 研究方式，係採用「規範調查法」(normative survey)，調查工具為「台北市國小校長角色調查問卷」，內分國小校長可能履行的基本職務，與國小校長可能表現的領導行為兩部分。前一部分係研究者自編，後一部分則根據「領導行為描述問卷」（LBDQ）加以修訂。兩部分均採「五點量表」的作答方式。調查對象包括國小校長、市教育行政人員、國小行政人員及國小教師，而以普查法與分層隨機取樣法，選取適當樣本共四八二人。實際收回問卷四四九份，其中，有效問卷四三四份，佔所選取樣本總數之九○‧○四%。
資料處理，在基本職務部分；係先予加權計分，計算平均值，並排列等級。然後，分別計算肯德爾和諧係數(w)，檢定四類樣本反應間之一致性，以及計算斯皮爾曼等級相關係數(γs)，檢定每兩類樣本反應間之一致情況。在領導行為部分，則利用t考驗，以檢定平均數差異的顯著性。
結果建議 本研究的結果，主要發現如左：
(1)國小校長被期望同時履行行政者與視導者雙重角色。
(2)目前國小校長履行職務，多偏重行政管理，忽略專業領導。
(3)國小校長視導者角色的履行，與理想期望差距較大。
(4)國小校長被期望同時表現高度的「倡導」與「關懷」行為。
(5)國小校長領導行為的實際表現與理想期望間，存有顯著差距。
(6)受調查者的職別不同，所作期望與觀察的反應也有別。
基於前述的研究結果，爰提五點建議，以增進國小校長的角色效率：
(1)研訂國小校長「角色敘述」。
(2)善用國小校長的時問與精力：○1實施授權，○2利用時間表。
(3)強化國小校長的專業領導功能。
(4)提高國小校長素質：○1建立適當的甄選程序，○2改進職前教育，○3提供在職進修。
(5)嫻熟並運用人群關係技巧。

壹、中文部分：
一、書籍
William Gscott著，田長模譯：組織論―管理行為分析，中央圖書出版社，民六三。
李序僧 科學與管理心理，哈佛企管中心，民六三。
李祖壽 教育輔導，復興，民六○。
李聰明 教育事業的經營管理，幼獅，民六四。
林清山 心理與教育統計學，東華，民六三。
林清山等 教育學的發展趨勢，幼獅，民六一。
孫邦正 國民小學行政，正中，民六二。
張建邦 行為科學與教育行政，驚聲文物公司，民六一。
陳漢強 教育輔導，台灣書店，民五九。
蔡保田 學校調查，商務，民五七。
劉 真 教育行政，正中，民五一。
蘇伯顯 領導與組織，國家書店，民六三。
二、期刊：
林清江 教師角色理論與師範教育改革動向之比較研究，載師大教育研究所集刊第十三輯，民六十。
張金鑑 人群關係的理論與方法，載東方雜誌復刊第六卷第六期，民六一、十二。
郭為藩 角色理論在教育學上之意義，載師大教育研究所集刊第十三輯，民六十。
許勝雄 國中校長的基本職務與領導方式之調查分析，載師大教育研究所集刊第十七輯，民六四。
葉學志 現代教育行政觀念的發展，幼獅月刊四二卷三期二七三號民六四、九。
黃昆輝 教育行政決定理論之分析，載師大教育研究所集刊第十七輯，民六四。
黃昆輝 教育行政領導的意義，載師大教育研究所集刊第十四輯，民六一。
黃昆輝 教育視導工作的新趨勢，師友月刊第六五期，民六一、十一。
三、其他參考資料
高銘輝 我國教育概況，載台灣省國小教師研習會編鐸聲集(一)民六二。
張有森 中學校長職責之研究，嘉新水泥公司文化基金會，民五六。
台北市教育局 教育人事法令彙編，民六四。
聯合報 民六五、一、二、第六版。
貳、英文部份
A. Books
Baron, George & William Taylor, eds. Educational Administration and the Social Science, London: The Athlone Press of the University of London, 1969.
Best, John W. Research in Education. 2nd ed., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1970.
Biddle, Bruce J. & Edwin J. Thomas, eds. Role Theory: Concepts and Research New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1966.
Campbell, Roald F. et al. Introduction to Educational Adninistration.4th, ed., Boston: Allyn & Bacon, Inc., 1971.
Casey, Leo M. School Business Administration, New York: The Center for Applied Research in Education, Inc., 1964.
Cramer, Roscoe V. & Otto E. Domian. Administration and Supervision in the Elementary School. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1960.
Elsbree, Willard S., Harold J. McNnlly, & Richard Wynn. Elementary School Administration and Supervision, 3rd ed., New York: American Book Company, 1967.
Faber, Charles F. & Gilbert F. Shearron. Elementary School Administration. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., 1970.
Getzels, Jacob W., James M. Lipham, & Roald F. Campbel. Educational Administration As a Social Process: Theory, Research, Practice. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1968.
Glass, Gene V. & Julian C. Stanley. Statistical Methods in Education and Psychology. 1970. 雙葉書局影印本，民六二。
Goldman, Samuel. The School Principal. New York: The Center for Applied Research in Education, Inc., 1966.
Grieder, C., Truman Pierce, & K. Forbis Jordan. Public School Administration . 3rd ed., New York: The Ronald Press, 1969.
Griffiths, Daniel E., ed. Behavioral Science and Educational Administration The Sixty-Third Yearbook of NSSE, Part II, Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1964.
Griffiths, Daniel E. Human Relations iii School Administration. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts, inc., 1956.
Gross, Neal & Robert E. Herriott. Staff Leadership in Public Schools: A Sociological Inquiry. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1965.
Gross, Neal, Ward S. Mason, & Alexander W. McEachern. Explorations in Analysis: Studies of the School Superintendency Role New York: Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1966.
Halpin, Andrew W. Theory and Research in Administration, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966.
Jacobson, Paul B., James D. Logsdon, & Robert H. Wiegman.. The Principalship : New Perspectives. 3rd ed., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Jarvis, Oscar T. & Haskin R. Pounds. Organizing, Supervising, and Administering the Elementary School. New York: Parker, 1969.
Jordan, K. Forbis. School Business Administration. New York: The Ronald Press, 1969.
Knezevich, Stephen J. Administration of Public Education. 3rd ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965.
Lindzey, Gardner & Elliot Aronson, eds. The Handbook of Social Psychology. 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Cambridge, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1968.
Misner, Paul J., Frederich W. Schneider, & Lowell G. Keith. Elementary School Administration. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Books, Inc., 1963.
Morphet, Edgar L., Roe L. Johns, & Theodore L. Roller. Educational Organization and Administration : Concepts, Practices, and Issues. 2nd ed., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.
Neagley, Ross L. & N. Dean. Evans. Handbook for Effective Supervision of Instruction. 2nd ed., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970.
Perkins, Bryce. et. al. Handbook of Successful School Administration. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974.
Rubin, Louis J. ed. Frontiers in School Leadership. Chicago: Rand McNally Saxe, .Richard W. ed. Perspective on the Changing Role of the Principal. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher,1968.
Sergiovanni, Thomas J. & David L. Elliott. Educational and Organizational Leadership in Elementary Schools. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice- Hall, 1975.
Sills, David L. eds. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 13, New York: The Macmillan Co & The Free Peres, 1968.
Spain, Charles R., Harold D. Drummond, John I. Goodlad. Educational Leadership and the Elementary School Principal. New York: Rinehart & Company Inc., 1956.
Spindler, Grorge D. ed. Education and Culture. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963.
Stoops, Emery & Russell E. Johnson. Elementary School Administration. New
York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.
Sumption, Merle R. & Yvonne Engstrom. School-Community Relations. New York:
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1966.
Wey, Herbert W. Handbook for Principals: Practical Suggestions for Action. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1966.
B. Periodicals
Cooper, Bernice. “An Analysis of the Quality of the Behavior of Principals As Observed and Reported in Six Critical Incident Studies. “ The Journal of Education Research, LXI:8 ( April, 1963 ), 410-414.
Fiorello, Anthony, “Leadership Concepts for Principals”. NASSP Bulletin, LVII (November, 1973), 19-23.
Halpin, Andrew W. “The Leader Behavior and Leadership Ideology of Education al Administrators and Aircraft Commanders”. Harvard Educational Review, 25: 1 ( Winter, 1955 ), 18-31.
Hamachek, Don E. “Leadership Styles, Decision-Making, and the Principal”. The National Elementary Principal, XLV: 5 (April, 1966 ), 26-30.
Lipham, James M. “The Role of the Principal: Search and Research”. The National Elementary Principal, XLIV ( April, 196 ), 28-33.
Sinclair, Robert L. “Leadership Concerns”. The National Elementary Principal XLVIII ( September, 1968 ), 16-20.
Swift, Darid W “Variations in the Role of the School Administrator”. The Elementary School Journal, LXXV ( November, 1974 ), 69-78.
C. Publications of the Societies and Organizations and Unpublished
Materials:
Bargman, Lyle K. “The Role of the Elementary School Principal: An Analysis of the Literature and Research Since 1960”. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nebraska, 1970 ( Xeroxed ).
Carlson, Russell S. “Actual and Ideal Role Perceptions of the Elementary Principal As Seen by Superintendents, Teachers, and Elementary Principals”. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Montana State University, 1971. ( Xeroxed)
Department of Elementary School Principals, NEA. The Elementary School Principalship in 1968: A Research Study. Washington, D. C.: The Association, 1968.
Foskett, John M. The Normative World of the Elementary School Principal Eugene, Oregon: Center for the Advanced. Study of Educational Administration, University of Oregon, 1967.
Frey, Berbara R. “An Analysis of the Function of the Elementary School Principals, 1921-1961”. Dissertation Abstracts, 24:3170; No.8, 1964.