| 研究生: |
蒲國慶 |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
美國與南非共和國關係之研究 無 |
| 指導教授: | 楊逢泰 |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
國際事務學院 - 外交學系 Department of Diplomacy |
| 論文出版年: | 1980 |
| 畢業學年度: | 69 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 224 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 無 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:123 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
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撰寫國與國間關係之研究時,由於範圍甚為廣泛,因此在取捨之間往往不易掌握。本文之撰述乃儘量根據美斐間較迫切,較敏感的問題做為研究之對象。所以,筆者決定以美斐間之礦產供需、經濟依存、軍事合作為橫剖面,種族隔離政策所帶給美斐關係之衝擊為縱剖面,試圖描繪出美斐間實質關係所在,與影響兩國關係的因素等。最後,再根據現階段美斐關係做一詳細敍述,並予評價。希望因此能對美斐間之關係做一深入之了解。
本論文共計六章十四節,約十萬餘字,採取敍述與分析並重之方法。首章分析美國外交政策之特色並敍述歷年來美國對非洲之關係;第二章敍述南非共和國對外關係之背景,著重在南非內部種族問題之特質與給予南非在國際政治上所引發出的困擾;第三章則分析美斐雙方在礦產需求、軍事往來、經濟依存上的密切需要與互賴;第四章則專就種族隔離政策對美斐關係之衝擊做一詳細分析;第五章則就現階段美斐關係之發展做一敍述,此包括政治、軍事、經濟等三部份;至於對它的批評與未來之展望則留待第六章中交待。
由於筆者才疏學淺,而美斐間之關係又如此之廣泛,未來的發展如何又甚難預料,某些資料的收集又極困難。因此,筆者只有揀幾個較為重大的問題加以處理,如有任何疏漏或欠周全之處,尚祈師長、先進不吝指正,以匡不逮。
論文提要
第一章 美國外交政策的發展1
第一節 美國外交政策的特色與演進1
一、美國外交政策的特色1
二、美國外交政策的演進6
第二節 美國與非洲的關係11
第二章 南非共和國對外關係的背景23
第一節 多元社會結構與種族隔離政策23
一、多元種族社會結構忽24
二、種族隔離政策與南非的困擾32
第二節 南非外交政策的基礎與目標41
一、外交政策的基礎41
二、影響對外決策的因素43
三、外交政策的目標47
第三章 美國與南非共和國的關係51
第一節 美國與南非共和國關係之背景51
第二節 南非的礦產資源與西方的需求65
一、南非豐富的礦產資源65
二、美國及其盟國對南非礦產的需求76
第三節 南非的戰略利益與美斐軍事合作87
一、好望角航綫的重要性87
二、對美國戰略上的考慮93
三、美斐軍事合作101
第四節 兩國的經濟依存107
一、貿易往來107
二、美國對南非共和國的投資112
第四章 種族隔離政策與美斐關係121
第一節 種族隔離政策與國際社會121
一、聯合國與種族隔離政策123
二、種族隔離與非洲團結組織130
三、南非黑人解放運動與國際勢力的介入136
第二節 種族隔離政策與美國的反應145
一、美國在南非的利益145
二、種族隔離與美國內政147
第五章 現階段美國與南非共和國之關係155
第一節 卡特政府之對外政策與人權外交155
一、卡特的外交政策與思想淵源155
二、人權觀念與外交政策160
第二節 卡特政府與美斐關係164
一、政治考慮166
二、經濟依存171
三、軍事關係178
第六章 批評與結論185
第一節 美斐關係總檢討185
一、種族政策與政治考慮186
二、經濟制裁與美斐關係190
三、武器禁運、國家安全與核子擴散194
第二節 未來的考驗202
一、南非的外交處境202
二、美國考慮的方向203
參考書目207
一、中文部份(包括書籍、雜誌、報紙)
1.外交部非洲司編,非洲政情及匪俄與非洲關係月報。
2.朱建民,國際組織新論,台北:正中書局,民國六十七年。
3.金神保,「列強在非洲的政治競爭」,中央日報,民國六十九年四月十三日。
4.楊逢泰,南部非洲與世局前途,台北:教育部社教司編印,民國六十五年十一月。
5.楊逢泰,「尼克森政府對南部非洲之政策」,非洲研究,第三期,台北:國立政治大學非洲研究計劃曁中華民國非洲研究協會編印,民國六三年元月。
6.楊逢泰,「民族解放運動:莫斯科赤化南部非洲的工具」,問題與研究,第十七卷第三期,中華民國六十六年十二月十日出版。
7.張自學譯,國際政治學,台北:幼獅書局出版,民國六十五年九月。
8.顧竹山,一九四八至一九七八年南非的外交政策,國立政治大學外交研究所碩士論文,民國六十八年一月。
9.鄭麗圍,南非分別發展政策之研究,國立政治大學外交研究所碩士論文,民國六十六年六月。
10.關中,「卡特的外交政策與思想淵源」,新時代,第十六卷第十一期,民國六十五年十一月。
二、英文書目
Ⅰ. Books:
1. Adam, Heribert. South Africa, Sociological Perspectives (London: Oxford University Press, 1971).
2. Almond, Gabriel. The American People and Foreign Policy (New York: Praeger, 1960).
3. Andemicael, Berhanykun. The OAU and the UN, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, no.2 (New York: Africana Publishing Company, 1976).
4. Arkhurst, Frederick S. ed. U. S. Policy Toward Africa (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975).
5. Bailey, Thomas A. A Diplomatic History of the American People, 9th ed. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1974).
6. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Africa and the Communist World (Standford: Standford University Press, 1963).
7. Cope, John. South Africa, 2d ed. (New York Frederick A. Praegers, 1967).
8. El-Khawas, Mohamed A. and Barry Cohen, National Security Memorandum 39: the Kissinger Study of Southern Africa (Connecticut: Lawrence Hill Publishers, 1976).
9. Emerson, Rupert. Africa and United States Policy (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1967).
10. Groth, Alexander T. Major Ideologies: an Interpretative Survey of Democracy and Nationalism (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1971).
11. Grundy, Kenneth W. Confrontation and Accommodation in Southern Africa: the Limits of Independence (University of California Press, 1973).
12. Hance, William A. ed. Southern Africa and the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968).
13. Hohn, Walter F. and Alvin J. Cottel. Soviet Shadow over Africa, monographs in international affairs, center for advanced international studies (University of Miami, 1977).
14. Leiss, Amelia C. ed. Apartheid and United Nations: Collective Measures, prepared under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (New York, New York, March, 1965).
15. Marquark, Leo. The Peoples and Policies of South Africa, 2d ed. (London: Oxford University Press, 1960).
16. McKay, Vernon. Africa in World Politics (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1963).
17. Nathan, James A. and James K. Oliver, United States Foreign Policy and World Order (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1976).
18. Nixon, Richard. United State Foreign Policy for the 1970s, A Report to the Congress by Richard Nixon, President of the United States, February 18, 1970.
19. Pratt, Julius W. A History of United States Foreign Policy, 3d ed. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972).
20. Prinsloo, Daan. United States Foreign Policy and the Republic of South Africa (Pretoria: Foreign Affairs Associations, 1978).
21. Smythe, Mabel M. ed. The Black American Reference Book (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976).
22. Thompson, Leonard & Jeffrey Butler, Change in Contemporary South Africa (Berkely and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975).
23. van Rensbury, W. C. J. and D. A. Pretorius, South Africa’s Strategic Minerals (Johannesburg: Foreign Affairs Association,1977).
24. Walshe, Peter. The Rise of African Nationalism in South Africa (University of California Press, 1971).
Ⅱ. Article:
1. Adelman, Kenneth L. and Albian W. Knight. " Can South Africa go Nuclear? " Orbis (Fall 1979).
2. Ballinger Ronald and Gerrit Olivier. " Detente in Southern Africa: Two views," The South African Institute of International Affairs (April 1976).
3. Barber, James. "Economic Sanctions as a policy of instrument," International Affairs, Vol.55, no.3 (July 1979).
4. Barber, James and Michael Spicer. " Sanctions Against South Africa-Options for the West,"565 International Affairs, Vol.55, no.3, (July 1979).
5. Belfiglio, Valentine J. "The United States Economic Relations with the Republic of South Africa, Africa Today," Vol.25, no.2 (April-June, 1978).
6. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. “U. S. Foreign Policy: The Search for Focus,” Foreign Affairs, (July 1973).
7. Butcher, Goler. Bob Bates and Putrick Swygert, “Congress and American Relations.
8. Curtis, Neville " South Africa: the Politics of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, (January 1969).
9. Davis, John A. "Black Americans and U.S. Policy Toward Africa," Journal of International Affairs, Vol.13, no.2, 1969.
10. Deutsch, Richard H. “An end to U. S. investment in South Africa” Africa Report, (November December 1976).
11. do Villiers, Cas " Human Rights and Homelands," Focus, no.8, (May 1978).
12. Drake, St. Claire. “The American negro’s relation to Africa,” Africa Today, Vol.14, no.6 (December 1967).
13. Easum, Donald B. " U. S. Foreign Policy and Africa," Newsletter, Vol.6, No.4, (1974).
14. Farah, Abdulrahim A. " Southern Africa: a challenge to the United Nations," Issue, Vol.20, no.2, (Summer 1972).
15. Ferguson, Clyde and William R. Cotter, “South Africa: What is to be done,” Foreign Affairs, (January 1978).
16. Foster, Badi G. “United States Foreign Policy Toward Africa: An Afro American Perspective,” Issue, Vol.2, no.2, (Summer 1972).
17. Geldenhuys, Deon ed. “Sanctions Against South Africa,” the South Africa Institute of International Affairs, (December 1979).
18. Gervase, Sear. “Under the NATO umbrella,” Africa Report (September-October 1976).
19. Hirschmann, David. " Pressures on Apartheid," Foreign Affairs, (October 1973).
20. " Indian Ocean Security," the Bulletin, Vol.13, no.2, (1975).
21. Janosik, Robert J. and Burbara E. Lawrence. “Southern African Pressure Politics in the U. S.,” Issue, Vol.4, no.3, (Fall, 1974).
22. " Jimmy Carter on Africa," Africa Report, Vol.21, no.3 (May-June 1976).
23. Johnson, Willard R." United States Foreign Policy Toward Africa," Africa Today, Vol.20, no.1, 1974.
24. Keppel-Jones, A. M. " South Africa in 1978: Trends and Developments During the Next Twenty-five Years," Issue, Vol.4, no.3, (Fall, 1974).
25. Keto, Clement Tsehloane. " Black American Involvement in South Africa’s Race Issue, " Issue, Vol.3, no.1, (Spring 1973).
26. Knight, Albion W. and Kenneth C. Adelman, " Can South Africa go Nuclear?" ORBIS, Vol.23, no.3 (Fall 1979).
27. Kunert, Dirk. " The Kremlin, the world revolutionary process and African national Liberation Movements," the South African Institute of International Affairs (January 1977).
28. Lemelle, Tilden J. " Black Americans and Foreign Policy, " Africa Today, Vol.18, no.4 (October 1971).
29. Lockwood, Edgar. " National Security Study Memorandum 39 and the future of United States Policy Toward Southern Africa," Issue, Vol.4, no.3, (Fall, 1974).
30. Magubane, Bernard, William A. Hance and Timothy Smith, " Econoniic Relations between South Africa and the United States," Issue, Vol.3, no.4 (Winter 1973).
31. Malan, T. " South Africa and Economic Sanctions," the Bulletin, Vol.18, no.3 (1978).
32. Midlane, Matthew. “The Crisis Facing South Africa,” the Round Table (April 1979).
33. Nagan Winston P. “The Black American Reaction to Apartheid,” Issue, Vol.4, no.3 (Fall, 1974).
34. Newson, David D. “African Development and U. S. Foreign Policy,” Issue, Vol.3, no.3 (Fall, 1973).
35. Piennar, G. “South African Mineral Industry,” the Bulletin of the Institute of the South Africa, Vol.12, no.8(1974).
36. Qoboza, Percy, John Barratt and Tor Vosloo, “The United States and South Africa,” the South African Institute of International Affairs (August 1977).
37. Reddy, E. S. “Apartheid and the International Community,” Issue, Vol.4, no.3 (Fall 1974).
38. Schmidt, Elizabeth S. “A case for disinvestment from the South Africa Economy,” Africa Today, Vol.26, no.1 (1979).
39. “Simonstown and the Cape Sea Route,” the Bulletin, Vol.13, no.2 (1975).
40. Skurnik, W. A. E. “Recent U.S. Policy in Africa,” Current History, Vol.64, no.379 (March 1973).
41. Smith, Timothy. “U. S. firms and apartheid: belated steps analyzed,” Africa Today, Vol.24, no.2 (April-June 1977).
42. Taormina, Robert J. “U.S.-Southern Africa Foreign Policy-Strengths and Weaknesses,” the Bulletin, Vol.16, 9 & 10 (1978).
43. “Tilting Toward South Africa,” Africa Report, Vol.21, no.2 (March-April 1976).
44. van Rensbury, W. C. J. “the Role of Energy in the processing of Southern Africa's minerals,” the South African Journal of African Affairs, Vol.7, no.1 (1977).
45. Venter, Denis. “South Africa: a non-aligned posture in foreign policy?” the South African Journal of African Affairs, no.3 & 4 (1979).
46. Walters, Ronald W. " NATO support apartheid," Africa Today, Vol.23, no.4 (October-December 1976).
47. Walters, Ronald W. " the Global contest of U. S. Foreign Policy Toward Southern Africa," Africa Today, Vol.19, no.3 (Summer 1972).
48. Wheeler, Douglas L. " American Policy Toward Southern Africa: Critical Choices," Issue, Vol.4, no.1 (Summer 1974).
49. Whitaker, C. Sylvester, Bruce Oudes and Joel Carlson, "Diplomatic Relations between South Africa and the United States," Issue, Vol.3, No.4 (Winter 1973).
50. Woods, Donald. “South Africa’s face to the World,” Foreign Affairs (April 1978).
Ⅲ. Government Publication, Periodicals and Newspapers:
1. Africa Confidential.
2. Africa: Problem & Prospects, a Bibliographic survey 1978 (U.S. Department of the Army, December, 1977).
3. Africa Research Bulletin.
4. American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1950-1955 (U.S. Department of State, 1971).
5. Countries of the World and their Leaders, 3d ed. (U.S. Department of State, 1977).
6. Facts on File, 1980.
7. Keesing Contemporary Archives.
8. Newsweek.
9. New York Times.
10. South Africa 1976, official yearbook of the Republic of South Africa, 3d ed. ( Johannesburg, 1977).
11. The Economist.
12. Time.
13. U. S. News and World Report.
14. USIS Backgrounder.
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