本研究主要目的是從不同面向的自尊來預測個體的憂鬱與攻擊行為。由於低自尊導致憂鬱與攻擊行為的論點遭受質疑，於是本研究應用到最近自尊文獻中的兩股趨勢：自尊內部的結構—單向度與雙向度（自我喜愛感與自我能力感）；以及自尊本質的可變動性—程度與穩定度，希望能從自尊的多面向來分別探討自尊與憂鬱、以及自尊與攻擊行為之關係。

單向度自尊與憂鬱的關係而言，根據Brown與Harris（1978）的研究認為整體自尊偏低會傾向憂鬱；Butler, et al.（1994）的研究指出預測整體自尊不穩定者會傾向憂鬱；而根據Greenier et al.（1995）的研究則認為不穩定低自尊將對憂鬱有最顯著的預測關係。在單向度自尊與攻擊行為的關係中，Anderson（1994）認為穩定低自尊有較多的攻擊行為；而Baumeister et al.（1996）則主張不穩定高自尊者會較多的攻擊傾向。上述各種理論對憂鬱與攻擊行為的預測仍有不一致之處，是本研究希望能釐清的。

若是在雙向度的架構下，Tafarodi與Vu（1997）認為雙向度中特別是自我喜愛感低者對憂鬱更具影響力；而Mruk（1995）與Tafarodi（1998）認為雙向度中自我能力感與自我喜愛感的矛盾性（自我能力感顯著的大於自我喜愛感），最能預測攻擊行為。從雙向度架構探討不同自尊面向，何者對憂鬱與攻擊行為有最顯著的預測力也是本研究的主要目的。

本研究以296名台北地區的大學生為樣本，進行為期一個月對受試自尊、憂鬱與攻擊行為的追蹤研究。研究工具包括社會讚許性量表、自我喜愛感與自我能力感量表（普通版與此時此刻版）、貝氏憂鬱量表、與波氏攻擊量表。

研究結果首先發現自尊結構在因素分析中不盡如Tafarodi雙向度的假設，因此按因素分析結果將整體自尊區分為自我喜愛感、自我肯定感、自我期望感、與自我懷疑感四個向度再進行與依變項（憂鬱與攻擊）的分析。

在自尊與憂鬱之間的關係中，低程度的整體自尊與憂鬱後測呈正相關；區分多向度後低自我喜愛感、低自我肯定感、高自我期望感、與高自我懷疑感分別與憂鬱呈正相關，在四個自尊面向中則以低自我喜愛感對憂鬱有最大的影響。整體自尊穩定度與憂鬱後測的關係未達顯著，但是不穩定的自我喜愛感與穩定且高的自我期望感，分別可以預測憂鬱情緒的提升。自尊與攻擊行為的關係，在低程度的整體自尊，與低自我喜愛感、高自我懷疑感分別與攻擊後測呈正相關。以攻擊行為為依變項，不同矛盾性自尊組差異的ANOVA達顯著，說明了若個體的自我肯定感高於自我喜愛會比自我喜愛感高於自我肯定感者更容易攻擊。整體研究結果顯示，預測憂鬱與攻擊的自尊面向仍然是整體性低自尊為主，其中預測憂鬱最主要的貢獻是來自於低程度的自我喜愛感。

進一步將依變項（憂鬱與攻擊後測）按照高低區分，再分別以各自尊面向預測憂鬱、攻擊。高憂鬱組裡低整體自尊，與多向度的低自我喜愛感、低自我肯定感、高自我期望感、高自我懷疑感都對憂鬱有預測力；而加入穩定度的因素後，穩定且低的自尊，與穩定且低的自我喜愛感預測憂鬱達顯著。在低憂鬱組中，自我期望感高且不穩定者較能預測憂鬱情緒提升。在攻擊依變項中除了低攻擊組的自我肯定感穩定度與攻擊呈正相關之外，其餘無論高、低攻擊組中的自尊與攻擊關係都不達顯著。

最後本文針對研究結果、自尊的不穩定性、自尊的結構、攻擊者的自尊現象、與研究方法（受試）等問題逐一討論，並對未來的研究提出可能的建議。

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