新現實主義是國際關係理論中最具影響力的理論之一，為分析國家在無政府狀態的全球體系中的行為提供了一個引人注目的視角。本研究運用新現實主義框架來探討美中科技競爭對台灣半導體產業的影響，特別關注從拜登總統上任至今的發展。根據Kenneth Waltz所闡述的新現實主義，國家將生存置於考量，在一個以權力動態和安全考量為主的環境中謹慎行動。

本研究採用質性研究方法，共分為六個章節：從研究簡介開始，接著是新現實主義的理論，其次深入探討美中科技競爭的本質，然後分析拜登政府期間美中之間的技術競爭，接著檢視這一競爭對台灣半導體產業的影響，最後總結研究發現並提出結論。本研究的主要目的是透過新現實主義，來解析美國、中國與台灣之間複雜的三邊關係。

研究結果顯示，處於日益激烈的美中科技競爭核心的台灣半導體產業，已經做出了戰略性的回應，例如在美國鳳凰城、日本熊本和德國得勒斯登建立生產設施，同時推進其國內技術能力的發展，例如投資於2/3奈米製程技術的開發。這種雙重策略確保了台灣在全球供應鏈中的關鍵角色不受影響。此外，本研究還指出，隨著台灣半導體產業繼續支撐美國的軍事和技術優勢，美國保衛台灣抵禦中國壓力的決心可能會相應增強。因此，台灣必須在全球半導體供應鏈中保持不可或缺的地位，這或許是台灣在這場競爭中不得不選擇的一條路徑。

Neorealism is one of the most influential theories in the field of international relations, offering a compelling lens through which to analyze the behavior of states in an anarchic global system. This study employs a neorealist framework to examine the impact of U.S.-China technological competition on Taiwan's semiconductor industry, with a particular focus on developments since the inauguration of President Biden. According to Kenneth Waltz's articulation of neorealism, states prioritize survival and act cautiously in an environment dominated by power dynamics and security concerns.

This research adopts a qualitative methodology and is divided into six chapters. It begins with an introduction, followed by a theoretical discussion of neorealism. The subsequent chapters delve into the nature of U.S.-China technological competition, analyze the technological rivalry between the two powers during the Biden administration, and then assess the impact of this competition on Taiwan's semiconductor industry. The final chapter summarizes the findings and presents the conclusions. The primary aim of this study is to decode the complex triangular relationship between the United States, China, and Taiwan through the lens of neorealism.

The findings indicate that Taiwan's semiconductor industry, at the epicenter of intensifying U.S.-China technological competition, has strategically responded by establishing production facilities in Phoenix, Arizona; Kumamoto, Japan; and Dresden, Germany, while simultaneously advancing domestic technological capabilities, such as investing in the development of 2/3 nanometer process technologies. This dual strategy ensures that Taiwan's critical role in the global supply chain remains unchallenged. Furthermore, the study suggests that as Taiwan’s semiconductor industry continues to bolster the United States' military and technological superiority, Washington's resolve to defend Taiwan against Chinese coercion may strengthen accordingly. Thus, maintaining an indispensable position in the global semiconductor supply chain might be the path Taiwan must choose in this competition.

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