馬列主義理論是建構中共政治、經濟體制的基礎與依據，其特色是政治上採行一黨專政，由共黨壟斷一切政治權力；經濟上實行計劃經濟、公有制，由共黨官僚擬定計劃與執行政策，並形成政經一體化與集權化的運作關係。

三十年來，中共在此一政經體制下不但導致中共政治運作機能不彰，並長期遲滯大陸的經濟發展。為突破此一困局，中共首先推展經濟改革。然而，經濟改革本身亦是經濟自由化地過程，因而對中共政治產生影響與衝擊。此外，政治體制未能同步變革，專政體制、共黨官僚亦成為推展經濟改革的制約因素。因此，中共在此一背景下提出政治改革。

本文主要探討中共政治與經濟改革之互動關係，並評估其發展趨勢。論文內分七章、二十四節，約二十萬字，茲就論文提要如下：

第一章：緒論。說明研究動機、範圍，並採取結構功能分析途徑、比較共產主義研究途徑、歷史研究途徑，以及派系衝突分析途徑等研究法探究本論文之主題。

第二章：「歷史唯物論」政經關係之探討。本章強調「經濟決定論」與「經濟主導論」的觀點皆有其局限性與片面性。事實上，在特定的時期與條件下，政治與經濟存在相互決定（互為因果）、影響與制約之關係，且蘊含「自主」（autonomy）與「互惠」（reciprocity）之功能。

第三章：中共政治、經濟體制的形成與運作。中共政經體制的形成主要是依據馬列主義理論，並深具斯大林模式的特質。其政經體運作顯示政經一體化與集權化之特性，且是導致運作機能不彰的主因。

第四章：中共經濟改革與政治運作之互動關係。文中除論述經濟改革理論、措施、政策取向與政治意涵外，並指出經濟改革與政治運作有顯著的相關性。其中不僅因經改績效彰顯與否對中共政局產生影響與衝擊，且牽引中共政治派系的互動。此外，中共專制政體未能與經濟改革同步變革，因而成為經濟改革的制約因素。為調整政經改革失衡的狀態，推動政治改革便有其必要性與迫切性。

第五章：中共政治改革與經濟運作之互動關係。主要探討中共政治改革背景、措施、政策取向，並指出中共「十三大」提出之政改措施具有顯著的經濟意涵，而非西方民主政治理念的宏揚。事實上，民主政治本身亦是生產力的泉源，且扮演經濟改革成敗的關鍵性角色。因而中共具有行政改革性質的政治改革將無法充分發揮促進經濟改革的效果，充其量只是行政體系功能的強化。此外，由於中共政治改革的阻力、保守性與局限性，因而專制政體仍將長期成為經濟改革的制約因素。

第六章：蘇聯、匈牙利、中共政經改革互動關係之比較。本章透過三共產政權政經改革背景、特質、歷程與異同之比較，分析其互動關係與發展趨勢。此外，在比較觀點之總結中強調：推動經濟改革的過程中必須有相適應的政治變革，始有助於持續深化經濟改革，以及發揮捉進經濟發展的功能。

第七章：結論。本章首先對政經互動關係的理論、中共政經體制的形成與運作，以及政經改革互動關係作一回顧性的檢討。其次，透過蘇聯與匈牙利政經改革與發展的比較，評估中共政經改革與發展動向。其中顯示：經濟改革已是共產政權共同的潮流，政治改革亦成為促進經濟改革的主要手段。此外，中共不僅政治改革理念局限於行政層次，且封建、教條思想嚴重，保守勢力雄厚，皆將使政治民主與市場經濟無由實現。因此，大陸人民要能享受民主政治與自由經濟的果實還有一段漫長而難辛的路要走。最後就中共政經改革趨勢而論，其政治改革將不涉及政治制度的變革，中共仍將實行一黨專政，排拒西方民主、自由思想，但將強化行政體系的功能。在經濟上，中共將在公有制與計劃經濟為主體的前提之下深化改革，並將持續援引資本主義的方法與措施，而其幅度大小則須視派系勢力消長與領導階層的認知而定。然而，必須指出的是：經濟的深化改革必須有相應的政治民主化，始能發揮出真正的功能；資本主義方法和措施的引用必須植基於私有制為主的體制上，才會產生真正的效果。東歐共產國家政經改革的經驗明確顯示：局部的、淺層的改革絕不會給共產國家帶來突破性的發展。因此必須進行合面的、深層的與徹底的改革，亦即以是後建立私有制為主的經濟制度，以及多黨制的政治制度為目標的改革。明顯地，中共囿於意識形態和維護共黨專政利益的政經體制變革，必然是局限性的改革，此勢將增加改革的風險性，並呈現不穩定的特質。

Communist China's political and economic system is based on Marxism and Leninism. Its main character istic is one-party domination, with the communist party monopolizing all political power; Economically, the party leaders make plans and execute all policies which form the foundation of an undivided authoritarian political-economic system. For the past thirty years, this political and economic system has not only stymied Communist China's political development, but has also caused the stifling stagnation in its economy. Therefore, Communist China attempted an economic reform in order to solve this crisis. The effects of this economic reform inevitably spilled over to politicla sphere and set in motion of an urgent need for politial reform. As long as the Chinese Communist leaders refuse to give up its present dictatorship and radically reform its privilege-ridden bureau-cracy, there will continue to be the roadblocks to economic development.

The purpose of current political reform in communist China is to assist a paralleled economic reform by taking certain new measures to increase government efficiency, reduce political setbacks of economic reform as well as resolve political and social conflicts. The implementation of political reform, however, will face more difficulties than economic reform. The following are the most prominent intrinsic difficulties: The one-party political system which concentrates absolute power in the hands of top leadership can not efficiently address the system's shortcomings. It makes demo cratic functions and attempts at the rule of law difficult to realize; separation of party and government, decentralization and delegation of authority, and party hierarchy restructuring will be met with strong opposition from those party officers who have already benefited from the old system, unconvincing theoretical justification and exacerbating social conflicts will greathly block political communication and dialogue functions. The mentality of insisting on centralized leadership proves to be the most difficult handle to overcome. Apparently, the difficulties of Communist China's political reform not only can't bring the expected effects, but also will decrease the fruits of economic reform.

The Chinese Communist's concept of productivity is limited to economic and technical levels and fails to consider the political democralization factor which itself is also an important source of productivity. This factor plays a key role for the success of economic reform. The only way to “release ”economic potential and vigor of a politieal system is through genuine political reform, namely giving up the self-limiting dicatorship. Moreover, in view of the serious problems of bureaucratic corruption and opposition from the conseratives during the economic reform, democratic rule and politica democralization are the only ways which can remove these difficulties and improve economic reform and development. The implementation of economic reform generally will accelerate social mobilization, deepen social frustration and expand Political participation. political democratization and institutionalization may alleviate the impact of social-economic development and help to maintain political stability. This political stability is a priority for implementing and continuing economic reform.

Judging from Communist China's current political and economic reform policies. it is evident the Communist leaders won't change political institutions, still cling to one-party domination and reject Western style democratic thinking. Neverheless, adminstrative system functions will be strengthened. In economy, Communist China will reform under the guidence of public ownership and planned economy and continuously borrow capitalistic measures and practices. The extent of these measures will depend on the changing configuration of factional struggles. However, one thing which must be pointed out is that only through further economic reform with synchronized political reform can this reform produce desirable results. The borrowed capitalist measures and practices should be rooted in a private ownership system in order to be able to produce true effects. The political economic reforms of Eastern European Communist countries expliditly show that partial, shallow reform does not bring decisive effects. therefore, the, ultimate target should be the establishing of private ownership and a multiparty political system. Obviously, Communist China's self-limiting ideology and protecting Communist party's selfinterests type of political-economic system reform is a limited reform. This trend of development can only increase the risks of the reform and the system's instabilities.