摘要

自我評估理論( self-appraisal theory) 認為A 型性格與B 型性格的認知模式有不同，A 型性格者渴望能正確評估自己的能力， B 型性格者則無此傾向，因此他們在

面對一個較難目標時，也會產生不同的知覺， A 型性格者覺得達成目標能幫助他正確評估自己的能力， B 型性格者則無此反應。本研究之目的是探討不同人格特質的受試(A 型或B 型性格類型) ，是否會因接受不同的訊息類型(能力訊息、策略訊息與重要性訊息) ，而使其目標接受度、工作表現量有所不同？

本研究採用實驗法，研究的樣本是政治大學大學部的學生9 6 名，先根據『中國人A 型量表』將受試區分為A 型或B 型性格組，再隨機分派到三個實驗組(這三組受試得到不同的訊息，分別為能力訊息、策略訊息與重要性訊息)和一個控制組(無任何訊息) ，讓他們進行幾個『動動腦』作業，並在實驗過程中，收集其目標接受度、工作表現及個人目標值的資料。

經統計分析後，得到以下的結果( 1) 重要性訊息組的目標接受度及工作表現均優於無訊息組。( 2) 無論在第一或第二個實驗作業， A 型性格組的工作表現與B 型性格組均無差異。( 3) A 型性格組受試比B 型性格組設定較高的個人目標值。 且前者在第一個實驗作業的工作表表現低於其個人目標值；後者在第一個實驗作業的工作表現高於其個人目標值，但並無顯著差異。最後本研究以自我評估理論對結果做了一些討論。

參考文獻
汪孝慈(民7 8 )目標設定方式與目標預期差異對認知與工作表現之影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
林一真(民7 8 )中國人A型量表編製初步報告。測驗年刊，第3 6 期，頁13-24。
林文蘭(民7 8 )不同訊息的目標設定對內在動機的影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
林清山(民72) 教育與心理統計學。東華書局。
洪英正(民7 6 )工作團隊中工作者的A 型性格、領導角色、主管領導型態、與工作壓力、工作滿足與工作投入的關係研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
楊明磊(民7 9 )目標難度、目標明確度及回明確度對工作表現的影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
蔡志明(民77) 大學生A型行為組型之調查研究。 國立臺灣教育學院輔導研究所碩士論文。

Bandura,A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist,34,92-98.
Burger,J.M. (1985). Desire for control and achievement-related behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48,1520-1533.
Campion,M.A., & Lord,R.G. (1982). A control systems conceptualization of the goal-setting and changing process. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,~265-287.
Dembroski,T.M.,Macdougall,J.M.,& Musante,L. (1984).
Desirability of control versus locus of control: Relationship to paralinguistics in the Type A interview. Health Psychology,3,15-26.
Earley,P.C. (1985). Influence of information, choice and task complexity upon goal acceptance, performance, and personal goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(3) ,481-491.
Earley,P.C. (1986). supervisors and shop stewards as sources of contextual information in goal setting: A comparison of the united states with England.
Journal of Applied Psychology,71(1) ,111-117.
Earley,P.C.,& Kanfer,R. (1985) .The influence of component participation and role models on goal acceptance, goal satisfaction and performance.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,36,378-390.
Erez,M & Zidon,I. (1984). Effect of goal acceptance on the relationship of goal difficulty to performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 69-78.
Garland,H. (1982). Goal levels and performance: A compelling replication of some compelling results. Journal of Applied Psychology,67,245-248.
Gastorf,J.W. ,Suls.J & Sanders,G.S. (1980). Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and social facilitation. Journal of Personality and social psychology,38(5),773-780.
Glass, D. C. (1977). Behavior patterns, stress, and coronary disease. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hannan,R.L. (1975). The effect of participation In goal setting on goal acceptance and performance: A laboratory experiment. Department of Psychology, university of Maryland, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
Hollenbeck,J.R.,& Klein,H.J. (1987) .Goal commitment and the goal-setting process: Problems, perspects, and proposals for future research. Journal of
Applied Psychology,72, 212-220.
Hollenbeck,J.R.,& Williams,C.R. (1987) .Goal importance, self-locus and the goal-setting process. Journal of Applied Psychology,72,204-211.
Jackson,S.E.,& Zedeck,S. (1982) .Explaining performance variability: Contributions of goal setting, task characteristics, and evaluative contexts.
'Journal of Applied Psychology,67, 759-768.
Latham,G.P. & Yukl, G.A. (1975).A review of research on the application of goal setting in organizations. Academy of Management Journal,18, 824-845.
Locke,E.A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,3,157-189.
Locke,E.A. (1982) .Relation of goal performance with a short work period mutiple goal levels. Journal of Applied Psychology,67,512-514.
Locke,E.A. (1984). Job satisfaction. in M.Gruneberg and T.Wall(eds.) ,Social Psychology and Organizational Behavior. Chichester. England: Wiley Ltd.
Locke,E.A, Frederick,E., Lee,C., & Bobko,P. (1984). Effect of self-efficacy"goals, and task strategies on task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,69,241-251.
Locke,E.A, & Latham,G.P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance.Prentice-Hall,Inc. Locke,E.A,Latham,G.P., & Erez,M. (1988). The determinants of goal commitment. Academy of Management Review,13, 23-39.
Locke,E.A,Saari,M.L,Shaw,K.N. & Latharn,G.P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980. Psychological Bulletin,90, 125-152.
Matthews,K.A. (1982). Psychological perspectives on the Type A behavior pattern. Psychological Bulletin,91, 293-323.
Mento,J.A, Steel, P.R. & Karren,J.R. (1987). A meta-analytic study of the effects of goal setting on task performance: 1966-1984. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,39, 52-83.
Miller,S.M., Lack,E.R., & Asroff,S. (1985). Preference for control and the coronary-prone behavior pattern: " I'd rather do it myself." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49, 492-499.
Mossholder,K.W. (1980). Effects of externally mediated goal setting on intrinsic motivation: A laboratory experiment.
Journal of Applied Psychology,65, 202-210.
Motowidlo,S.L., Loehr,V., & Dunnette,M.D. (1978). A laboratory study of the effects of goal specificity on the relationship between probability of success and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63,172-179.
Phillips,J.S,& Freedman,S.M. (1988) .The task-related competency and co.mp-liance aspects of goals : A clarification. organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,41,34-49.
Phillips, J.S, Freedman, S.M, Ivancevich, J.M. & Matteson, M.T. (1990). Type A behavior, self-appraisals, and goal setting: A framework for future research.
Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5(1), 59-76.
Shalley,C.E., & Oldham,G.R. (1985). The effects of goal difficulty and expected external evaluation on intrinsic motivation. Academy of Management
Journal,28, 628-640.
Stedry, A.C.& Kay,E. (1966) .The effect of goal difficulty on performance: A field experiment. Behavioral Science,11,459-470.
Strube,M.J,Berry,J.M., & Moergen,S. (1985). Relinquishment of control and the Typr A behavior pattern The role of performance evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49, 831-842.
Strube,M.J, & Boland,S.M. (1986). Post performance attributions and task persistence among Type A and B indivisuals: A clarification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50,413-420.
stiube,M.J, & Werner,C. (1985). Relinquishment of control and the Typr A behavior pattern. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholoqy,48, 688-701.
Tubbs,M.E. (1986) .Goal setting: A meta-analytic examination of the empirical evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology,21,474-483.
Yukl,G.A., & Latham,G.P. (1978). Interrelationships among employee participation, indivisual differences, goal difficulty, goal acceptance, goal instrumentality, and performance, Personnel Psychology, 31, 305-323.