| 研究生: |
陳香如 Chen, Hsiang-Ju |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
課文本位閱讀教學於國小低年級學生之應用:基於閱讀理解發展理論觀點 Application of Text-Based Reading Instruction for Lower-Grade Elementary Students: A Perspective Based on Reading Comprehension Development Theory |
| 指導教授: |
李沛錞
Pei-Chun Lee |
| 口試委員: |
莊道明
陳淑君 |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
文學院 - 圖書資訊學數位碩士在職專班 E-Learning Master Program of Library and Information Studies |
| 論文出版年: | 2026 |
| 畢業學年度: | 114 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 149 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 課文本位閱讀教學 、閱讀理解發展理論 、行動研究 、閱讀理解策略 、低年級學童 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Textbook-Based Reading Instruction (TBRI), Reading Comprehension Development Theory, Action Research, Reading Comprehension Strategies, Lower-Grade Students |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:121 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
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本研究旨在探討「課文本位閱讀教學(TBRI)」應用於國小低年級學童之實施歷程與成效。基於閱讀理解發展理論,低年級學童正處於由「解碼期」邁向「流暢期」的關鍵發展階段,常面臨詞彙量不足、背景知識受限以及缺乏文本結構化思維等閱讀挑戰。
為解決此教學困境,本研究以不更動既有國語教科書進度為前提,建構系統化之「三層次閱讀理解支架系統(自學探究單、閱讀引導單、形音義補充單)」,期望透過明確的策略引導,提升學童的閱讀流暢性與整體理解能力。
本研究採行動研究法,以臺北市某都會型國小二年級37名學生為有效樣本,實施為期十週的教學介入。研究素材選用114學年度翰林版國語教科書,並依循「漸進釋放責任模式」,將識字教學、預測、提問(六何法)、摘要與主旨擷取等策略融入日常課堂。資料分析採三角檢證法,結合單組前後測量化測驗(國家教育研究院題庫),以及學習單成品、課堂觀察、教學日誌與訪談等多元質性資料進行深度剖析。
研究結果顯示: 一、 量化成效顯著且落差收斂:學童的閱讀理解百分制總分由前測平均75.3分顯著提升至後測87.5分(t = 9.61, p < .001),且標準差縮小(12.1降至10.6),顯示教學介入有效彌平高低成就學童的學習落差。在五大向度中,以「形音對應」進步幅度最高(+20.3%),其次為「文意理解」(+10.8%)與「字詞理解」(+10.4%)。 二、 質性能力之轉化與升級:透過「文體適配原則(如曼陀羅圖、表格)」與「關鍵字減載策略」,學童成功從機械式的字形記憶轉化為具備邏輯的空間解構,並由初期的「全句盲目照抄」演進為結構化的關鍵訊息擷取。 三、 背景知識之關鍵作用:系統化地啟動生活先備經驗,不僅能顯著降低學童面對陌生文本的認知負荷,更能促進其對文本意象與多元文化的深層理解。
綜合而言,課文本位閱讀教學在不增加額外教材負擔的情況下,能有效幫助低年級學生建立穩固的底層解碼能力與篇章統整架構。透過教師即時的動態省思與支架微調,本研究不僅為低年級閱讀理解教育提供了具體可行之常態實踐模式,亦實質促進了教師的專業成長。
This study aims to explore the implementation process and effectiveness of Textbook-Based Reading Instruction (TBRI) on lower-grade elementary students. Based on the Reading Comprehension Development Theory, lower-grade students are in a critical transitional phase from the "initial reading/decoding stage" to the "fluency stage". They often face reading challenges such as limited vocabulary, restricted background knowledge, and a lack of structured textual thinking.
To address these instructional difficulties without altering the existing progress of standard Mandarin textbooks, this study constructed a systematic "Three-Tier Reading Comprehension Scaffold System," which includes self-directed inquiry worksheets, reading guide worksheets, and form-sound-meaning supplementary worksheets. The goal is to enhance students' reading fluency and overall comprehension through explicit strategy guidance.
This study adopted an action research approach, selecting 37 second-grade students from a metropolitan elementary school in Taipei City as the effective sample for a 10-week instructional intervention. The research material utilized the Hanlin edition of the Mandarin textbook for the 2026 academic year. Following the "Gradual Release of Responsibility" model, strategies such as word recognition, prediction, questioning (5W1H), summarizing, and main idea extraction were integrated into daily classrooms. Data analysis employed triangulation, combining a single-group pretest-posttest quantitative design using the National Academy for Educational Research item bank with in-depth qualitative analysis of student worksheets, classroom observations, teaching journals, and interviews.
The results indicate:
1. Significant quantitative effectiveness and gap convergence: The students' reading comprehension score significantly improved from a pretest average of 75.3 to a posttest average of 87.5 (t = 9.61, p < .001), with a narrowed standard deviation from 12.1 to 10.6, demonstrating that the intervention effectively bridged the learning gap between high- and low-achieving students. Among the five dimensions, "form-sound correspondence" showed the highest progress (+20.3%), followed by "textual meaning comprehension" (+10.8%) and "vocabulary comprehension" (+10.4%).
2. Qualitative capability transformation and upgrade: Through the "text-genre adaptation principle" (e.g., Mandala charts, tables) and the "keyword cognitive offloading strategy," students successfully transitioned from mechanical character memorization to logical spatial deconstruction. Furthermore, they evolved from "blind whole-sentence copying" to structured key-information extraction.
3. The crucial role of background knowledge: Systematically activating prior life experiences not only significantly reduced students' cognitive load when facing unfamiliar texts but also promoted their deep comprehension of textual imagery and multicultural contexts.
In conclusion, TBRI effectively helps lower-grade students build foundational decoding skills and text organization frameworks without increasing the burden of additional teaching materials. Through teachers' immediate dynamic reflection and scaffold adjustment, this study provides a concrete, feasible routine practice model for lower-grade reading comprehension education and substantially fosters teachers' professional growth.
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題 6
第三節 重要名詞釋義 8
第四節 研究範圍與限制 11
第五節 本研究價值與重要性 12
第貳章 文獻探討 14
第一節 閱讀理解策略的理論基礎 14
第二節 閱讀理解發展理論的應用 17
第三節 課文本位閱讀策略的發展與應用 19
第四節 文獻綜述 24
第參章 研究方法 36
第一節 研究設計 36
第二節 研究對象與場域 41
第三節 教學方案設計 46
第四節 資料蒐集方法 59
第五節 資料分析方法 65
第六節 學術倫理 70
第肆章 研究結果分析 71
第一節 課文本位閱讀教學之實施歷程 71
第二節 學生詞彙理解能力之變化 89
第三節 學生文本理解能力之變化 97
第四節 學生背景知識與閱讀理解之關聯 103
第五節 質性成效之主題綜整與個案分析 119
第六節 教學策略對閱讀理解的影響 126
第伍章 結論與建議 133
第一節 研究結論 133
第二節 教學實務建議 136
第三節 研究限制 139
第四節 未來研究建議 140
第五節 總結 141
參考文獻 142
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附錄 147
附錄一 臺灣學術倫理教育資源中心修課證明 147
附錄二 家長同意書 149
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全文公開日期 2028/06/08