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| 研究生： |
馬彼特 Pitut Pramuji |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
1999-2014年印尼共和國眾議院外交政策研究 The Study of the People's Representative Council in Indonesia's Foreign Policy, 1999-2014 |
| 指導教授： |
黃奎博
Huang, Kwei-Bo |
| 口試委員: |
林昭志
Lin, Chao-Chi 劉必榮 Liu, Bih-Rong 王誠 Wang, Cheng 陳陸輝 Chen, Lu-Huei |
| 學位類別： |
博士
Doctor |
| 系所名稱： |
社會科學學院 - 亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS) International Doctor Program in Asia-Pacific Studies(IDAS) |
| 論文出版年： | 2025 |
| 畢業學年度： | 113 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 284 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 外交政策 、議會外交 、印尼共和國眾議院 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | foreign policy, parliamentary diplomacy, DPR |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：35 下載：0 |
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1998年，印尼的政治體制隨著民主化進程而改變。在此之前，一場席捲全國的經濟危機導致了威權主義的「新秩序」政權的垮台。隨著民主化過程賦予議會越來越多的權力，本研究旨在探討1999年至2014年間印尼議會在印尼外交政策中的角色，以及在此期間議會與總統之間動態關係的變化。
本研究採用探索性與描述性方法，結合文獻分析、文獻回顧、訪談以及參與式觀察，分析、分析印尼早期民主化過程中的政治現象。運用外交政策決策、外交和議會外交理論，本研究得出結論：在印度尼西亞，行政和立法部門都認識到人民代表大會（Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat，簡稱DPR）在實現外交政策目標方面的重要性。Habibie 政府透過制定新的外交關係法規，將非政府因素納入印尼外交政策的參與者範圍，從而推動了人民大會在外交政策中的角色轉變。除了外交職能外，人民代表大會在履行其職責，特別是預算編制和監督方面，也對外交政策及其製定產生影響。本研究也發現，人民大會在影響外交政策時，會遵循權力分立原則，避免越權行事。朝鮮人民代表大會（DPR）預算和人員配備不足，顯示其在監督外交政策執行方面亟需改進。因此，DPR往往未能將這方面的監督工作放在優先事項上。
外交政策領域的研究常常受到外交問題討論保密性的限制，本研究也證實了這一點。未來關於朝鮮人民代表大會與總統在外交事務上的關係發展的研究，可以更深入地探討本研究未涉及的具體外交政策問題。
Indonesia's political system experiences changes with the democratization process in 1998. This was preceded by a widespread economic crisis that led to the fall of the authoritarian New Order regime. With democratization brought increasing power to the Parliament, this study seeks to investigate how the role of Indonesia's Parliament in Indonesia's foreign policy from 1999 to 2014, as well as the dynamic relationship between the Parliament and the President changed during that period.
This study uses exploratory and descriptive methodologies with bibliography analysis, literature reviews, and interviews, as well as participatory observation to analyze and understand the political phenomenon during the early democratization process in Indonesia. Utilizing theories of foreign policy decision-making, diplomacy, and parliamentary diplomacy this study concludes that in Indonesia, the executive and legislative branches recognize the importance of diplomacy by the House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) in achieving foreign policy goals and targets. Habibie administration initiated a shift in DPR's role in foreign policy by establishing new regulations on foreign relations, which incorporate non-governmental elements as actors in Indonesia foreign policy. In addition to its diplomatic role, DPR's influence in foreign policy and foreign policy making is also felt when it carries out its functions, particularly budgeting and oversight. This study also finds that DPR acknowledge the separation of government powers—so as not to exceed its authority—in influencing foreign policy. DPR’s budget and staff insufficiency show the need for improvement to oversee foreign policy implementation. Consequently, DPR often fails to prioritize oversight in this area.
Research in the field of foreign policy is often hampered by the confidential nature of discussions on foreign issues, and this study also finds this to be the case. Future studies on the development of DPR's relationship with President regarding foreign affairs could delve deeper into specific foreign policy issues that this research does not focus on.
Acknowledment…………………i
Abstract………………ii
Table of Contents……………iv
List of Tables……………vi
Abbreviations and Indonesian Acronyms…………vii
Chapter I Introduction…………………………1
I.1 Research Background………………………1
I.2 Research Motivation………………………4
I.3 Research Questions…………………………8
I.4 Research Purpose……………………………8
I.5 Research Significance…………………9
I.6 Scope of Research and Limitations………………9
Chapter II Literature Review……………………11
II.1 Theoretical Approach……………………11
II.1.1 International Politics and Foreign Policy…………11
II.1.2 Foreign Policy Decision-Making Theory……………15
II.1.3 Diplomacy: Foreign Policy at Work……………23
II.2 The Role and Influence of Parliament in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy……………………26
II.2.1 Doctrine of Indonesia's Foreign Policy……………26
II.2.2 Power of Indonesia's Legislative Institution in Foreign Policy……………………33
II.3 The Role of Parliaments in Foreign Policy……………37
II.4 Methodologies…………………48
II.4.1 Introduction…………………48
II.4.2 Data Resources and Approaches……………………48
II.4.3 Data Analysis…………………49
II.4.4 Methodological Framework……………………50
Chapter III DPR in Indonesia Political System………………51
III.1 DPR's Role in Indonesia Political Development…………51
III.2 DPR in the Reform Era………………59
III.2.1 Organizational Structure of DPR After Reform………62
III.2.2 Political Dynamics of DPR Post-reform…………………69
III.2.3 Functions and Duties of DPR in Reform Era……………79
III.3 DPR's Authority in Reform Era………………81
III.3.1 Legislation and Budgeting……………………85
III.3.2 Oversight Function 1999-2014……………………88
III.3.2.1 Effectiveness of Oversight Function……………96
III.3.3 DPR Rights of Inquiry…………………104
Chapter IV Indonesia’s Foreign Policy After Reform
1999-2014………………110
IV.1 Overview of Indonesia's Foreign Policy…………110
IV.2 Foreign Policy in Indonesia 1999-2014………………119
IV.2.1 Overview of Domestic and Foreign Policy Post-reform………………119
IV.2.2 Overview of Indonesia's Foreign Policy Post-reform………………124
IV.2.3 Formulation of Foreign Relations Law Number 37 Year 1999…………………135
IV.2.4 Indonesia Foreign Policy Post-Suharto………………141
IV.2.4.1 Foreign Policy During Abdurrahman Wahid
1999-2001…………………………148
IV.2.4.2 IV.2.4.2 Indonesia’s Foreign Policy During Megawati Regime 2001-2004………………156
IV.2.4.3 Indonesia’s Foreign Policy During Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s Regime 2004-2014……………………160
Chapter V DPR’s Role and Influence in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Post-reform 1999-2014……………168
V.1 The Role and Influence of DPR in Foreign Policy……168
V.1.1 Ratification of International Agreements…………168
V.2 Influences of DPR in Foreign Policy Issues…………180
V.3 Role of DPR in Diplomacy…………………190
V.3.1 DPR and Global Challenges…………………………204
V.4 Indonesia Parliamentary Diplomacy Model…………222
V.4.1 DPR and Regional Institution Building…………231
V.5 Analysis of DPR’s Role in Foreign Policy and Diplomacy 1999-2014……………………245
V.6 Theoretical Contribution……………………257
Chapter VI Conclusions…………………………269
References ……………………278
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Documents
ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly. 2007. Report on the 28th General Assembly of the ASEAN Parliamentary Assembly, Kuala Lumpur, 18–24 August 2007. ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly. 2007. Report on the 28th General Assembly of the ASEAN Parliamentary Assembly, Kuala Lumpur, 18–24 August 2007.
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. 2006. Report of DPR Delegation to the 27th Meeting of the AIPO General Assembly, Cebu, Philippines, 10–15 September 2006. Jakarta: Secretariat General of the DPR.
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Internet Sources
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Interviews
Interview with Hasan Wirajuda – Minister of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia, 2001-2009 conducted on December 20, 2020
Interview with Ibrahim Ambong – Chairman of Commission I DPR RI 2000-2004 conducted on January 15, 2021
Interview with Theo Sambuaga – Chairman of Commission I DPR RI 2004-2009 conducted on December 2022, 2020
Interview with Akbar Tanjung – Speaker of the House DPR RI 1999-2004 conducted on February 10, 2021
Interview with Mahfud Siddiq – Chairman of Commission I DPR RI 2010-2014 conducted on January 23, 2021
Interview with Burhan Magenda – Member of Commission I DPR RI 2001-2004 conducted on January 12, 2021
Interview with Poltak Nainggolan – Researcher and Head of International Relations Expert Researcher in DPR RI, 2000-2017 conducted on February 10, 2021
Interview with Puji Wahono – Special Staff to Chairman of DPR 2001-2004 conducted on February 10, 2021
Interview with Beni Sadikin – Secretary of BKSAP DPR RI Secretariat 2010-2014 conducted on February 5, 2021
Interview with Anggrek Kurnianti – Staff of Commission I DPR RI Secretariat 2002-2024 conducted on January 25, 2024
全文公開日期 2028/02/26