本研究主要針對美國汽車產業，探討其外匯曝險與匯率不確定性、營運與財務避險間的關係。本文採用Ismailov and Rossi (2018) 的作法，利用匯率預測數據與實際數據間的差異程度計算出歐元、日圓及韓圜的匯率不確定性指標。同時，也利用了Hoberg and Moon (2017) 由美國公司財報內容搜尋每間公司的營運及財務避險指標。實證結果顯示在2008年至2017年的資料期間，美國企業外匯曝險會受到匯率不確定性的影響，且營運避險與財務避險可以有效降低企業的匯率曝險。其中，福特和通用雖然都有持續進行財務避險，但後者採用營運避險的年度相對較少故其日圓曝險較為顯著，特斯拉則因為沒有持續進行財務避險使營運避險變得相對重要，在歐元區沒有進行營運避險時對其股價報酬會有顯著負面的影響。

This study examines how foreign exchange exposure of US automobile companies are linked to exchange rate uncertainty, operating and financial hedging policies. Following Ismailov and Rossi (2018), I construct exchange rate uncertainty index for Euro, Japanese Yen, and Korean Won using the variation between actual and forecasted exchange rates. I also use FX hedging and corporate’s offshore activities data provided by Hoberg and Moon (2017) to examine each firm’s operating and financial hedging policy. Over the period of 2008 to 2017, I find evidence that corporate’s exchange rate exposure is affected by exchange rate uncertainty. Moreover, results show that operating hedging and financial hedging are effective for US automobile companies. I find that though financial hedging was adopted by both Ford and GM, GM still faced significant exposure to changes of Japanese Yen because less operating hedging was conducted. Tesla, which didn’t conduct financial hedging for every year, faced significant exposure to Euro without operating hedging in Eurozone.

一、中文資料
李明嫣，2010。「跨國公司財務與營運避險策略對其外匯曝險及公司價值之影響」，朝陽科技大學財務金融系。
秦偉馨，2012。「外匯曝險與競爭之研究：以半導體產業為例」，中興大學財務金融學系。
黃鈺庭，2016。「台灣企業面臨不同的外匯曝險值時使用衍生性金融商品動機之研究」，高雄大學金融管理學系。

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