埃及於西元2000年進行家庭法改革，通過Khul‛離婚程序，賦予婦女無需提出離婚理由、亦無須丈夫同意，僅須返還聘金即可主動訴請離婚的權利。此一法案打破了埃及離婚長期由男性主導的壟斷局面，被視為女性權益的一大進展，並進而影響鄰近阿拉伯國家後續各自修訂或制定相關離婚法規。就其顛覆傳統之程度與影響範圍而言，Khul‛離婚法實為一重要且值得深入探究的法律。然而，Khul‛所賦予埃及婦女的，究竟僅是形式上的離婚權利，抑或在實際運作中亦成為婦女於離婚協商中的談判籌碼，值得進一步探究。
本文旨在討論埃及於西元2000年頒布的Khul‛離婚法的採用群體樣貌及其採用方式。研究發現，選擇Khul‛離婚者多為亟需離婚卻欠缺娘家家族支援的少數中下階層婦女，而中上階層婦女則會利用Khul‛離婚法作為離婚談判籌碼。多數埃及婦女最終仍習於採取庭外協議方式離婚，而非選擇Khul‛做為主要離婚途徑。其原因在於，庭外協議離婚由娘家男性成員主導協商，普遍被認為較能為婦女爭取更多離婚後的權利與保障。此外，Khul‛帶有丈夫「遭妻子休掉」或「被妻子拋棄」的社會污名，多數埃及男性對此深感避諱。因此，部分中上階層婦女則善於利用Khul‛所附帶的污名壓力作為談判籌碼，以訴請Khul‛離婚相威脅，迫使丈夫因顧忌社會觀感而在離婚談判中陷於相對弱勢，轉而接受庭外協議方式離婚。

In 2000, Egypt reformed its personal status law by introducing the Khul‛ divorce procedure, granting women the right to petition unilaterally for divorce without stating grounds or obtaining the husband's consent, provided they return the dower. The law broke the long-standing male monopoly over divorce in Egypt, was widely regarded as a significant advance for women's rights, and prompted neighbouring Arab states to revise or enact similar divorce legislation. Given its departure from established practice and its regional influence, Khul‛ constitutes a legal development of considerable importance. It remains open to question, however, whether Khul‛ has conferred upon Egyptian women merely a formal right to divorce or has in practice also furnished them with leverage in divorce negotiations.
This study examines who has made use of Egypt's 2000 Khul‛ divorce law and how it has been used. It finds that those who pursue Khul‛ divorce are largely lower-middle-class women who urgently need a divorce but lack the backing of their natal families, whereas upper-middle-class women tend to deploy the law as a bargaining instrument. Most Egyptian women continue to favour out-of-court settlement over Khul‛ as their principal route to divorce because negotiations are conducted by the male members of the wife's natal family, an arrangement generally believed to secure more favourable post-divorce rights and protections. Moreover, Khul‛ carries the social stigma of a husband having been "cast off" or "abandoned" by his wife, a prospect most Egyptian men are anxious to avoid. Some upper-middle-class women therefore exploit this stigma by threatening to file for Khul‛, placing their husbands at a disadvantage in negotiations and steering them towards an out-of-court settlement.

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