許多駕駛情境會產生隧道視覺效應(tunnel vision)，即視覺系統為了增加視中央的處理能力，造成注意力範圍窄化的現象。駕駛注意力研究對於產生隧道視覺的條件與內外在認知負荷扮演的角色尚未有一致的結論。因此本論文進行兩個實驗，探討視中央負荷和內外在認知負荷對駕駛注意力與周邊知覺的影響，並檢驗是否產生隧道視覺的現象。參與者需在觀看駕駛視角影片時，判斷中央標誌內容並偵測出現於周邊的光點，同時紀錄眼動軌跡。實驗一以簡單反 應作業與選擇反應作業操弄視中央負荷，以影片有無經過路口作為外在認知負荷的操弄，而周邊光點呈現於 5˚、10˚或 15˚視角處。視周邊作業正確率的結果顯示，在低外在認知負荷下高視中央負荷會產生隧道視覺現象，高視中央負荷在遠周邊的表現下降幅度較低視中央負荷大，而眼跳長度與凝視點的離心距離與離散程度也顯示高視中央負荷會使注意力範圍縮小。實驗二的視中央作業為選擇反應作業，並加入簡單或困難的語音訊息操弄內在認知負荷。視周邊作業正確率顯示，在高外在認知負荷下高內在認知負荷會產生隧道視覺，且高內在認知負荷在遠周邊的表現下降幅度較低內在認知負荷大。眼動指標顯示高外在認知負荷會使離心距離與其離散程度縮小。綜上所述，高視中央負荷為產生隧道視覺的必要條件之一，而高外在認知負荷與高內外在認知負荷會競爭注意力資源並加劇隧道視覺現象。

Previous studies have shown the tunnel vision effect in driving, demonstrating a narrowed attention span to enhance foveal processing capacity. The critical determinants of tunnel vision and the role of intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load remain controversial in literature. The present study conducted two experiments to investigate how foveal load, intrinsic cognitive load and extraneous cognitive load affect driver's attention and peripheral perception, and whether these variables induce tunnel vision effect. Participants were asked to attend to the central signs shown in driving-perspective road videos and simultaneously detect squares presented at different eccentric distances while their eye movements were recorded. In experiment 1, foveal load was manipulated by different tasks of simple reaction or choice reaction to the central sign, while extraneous cognitive load consisted of roads with or without intersections. The squares for peripheral detection were presented at 5 ˚, 10˚ or 15˚ of eccentricity. The accuracy of peripheral detection showed that high foveal load induced tunnel vision effect under low extraneous load. Specifically, detection accuracy declined as eccentricity increased, and high foveal load exhibited a more pronounced reduction at the far periphery than low foveal load. Eye movement measures indicated that high foveal load led to shorter saccade lengths, and reduced eccentricity and spatial dispersion of fixations, thereby narrowing the attentional span. In experiment 2, foveal task was held constant as a choice reaction task, and simple and difficult voice messages were introduced to manipulate intrinsic cognitive load. The accuracy of peripheral detection showed that high intrinsic load induced tunnel vision effect under high extraneous load, leading to a more severe performance decline at the far periphery compared to low intrinsic load. Additionally, eye movement measures showed that fixation eccentricity and its dispersion decreased as extraneous load rose. The findings suggest that foveal load is the key element of tunnel vision effect, and intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads compete for attention resources, thereby exacerbating tunnel vision effect.

交通部高速公路局（2024）：《112年國道事故檢討分析報告》。
臺北市政府交通局（2024）：《臺北市112年交通事故分析報告》。
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