空氣污染引發多項危害，其中之一即是對人體健康之危害。本論文目的在探討空氣污染對健康的實質影響，以及改善空氣品質的健康效益。

在實質面之研究，由劑量反應函數之估結果發現，人體對於某一污染的病症反應會因年齡、居住環境、工作或就學地點，有無慢性病和有無運動習慣等個人特性不同而有不同，而且亦隨不同氣候條件亦有不同反應。此外本文針對PM10和SO2，將污染變數轉成虛擬變數後，以Logit機率模型估計，結果為隨著某一污染物濃度增加，會減緩另一污染的發病機率，也就是兩污染物之間有抵消效果存在。

在評估健康效益方法，本文採用趨避行為法，以聯立方程模型和Tobit模型估計健康生產函數，而得出避免罹患願減少一天高污染天數的個人願付價值為3.3090元。

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