本論文聚焦於打擊國際恐怖主義背後的複雜社會過程，尤其是在九一一爆炸事件以及全球反恐戰爭的出現之後，人們究竟是如何針對恐怖主義的萌芽、維護與轉型提出相應對策。此研究嘗試以更具社會學觀點的安全化理論為框架，透過整合論述與非論述實踐，理解安全議題細緻的變遷、延續或演進過程。實踐建制概念的應用進一步凸顯出以安全化理論理解安全議題的重要性，它同時也得以幫助研究者瞭解非西方國家的特殊經驗，菲律賓長年以來面對國內與國際恐怖主義的經驗便能夠在這個框架之下被更好的定位。

九一一爆炸事件與全球反恐戰爭的出現，不僅促成菲律賓反恐主義的再生，更讓該國被認為是美國在反恐戰爭之中最堅定的盟友之一。某種意義上來說，這樣的關係直接或間接地影響了菲律賓葛洛麗雅・馬嘉柏皋・亞羅育（2001－2010）、貝尼格諾・西梅昂・艾奎諾三世（2010－2016）與羅德里戈・羅亞・杜特蒂（2016至今）政權對恐怖主義的回應。然而，本研究強調不只是這樣的聯盟關係會影響到安全議題的萌芽、維護與轉型，地方政治動態也同樣鞏固了安全議題的重要性。也因此，菲律賓的反恐主義對策，包括安全決策與非常態政治的課題，其實是鑲嵌於國內政治動態所體現的實踐體系。

本研究試圖揭露反恐主義的社會建構所具有的深遠影響，這與政府正在推行的和平協議相悖。透過釐清權力機制的運作，將以實際上更為複雜的社會過程修正傳統以強硬手段處理衝突與暴力議題的主流敘事。這樣的研究成果不僅能夠為反恐對策帶來更有效用的幫助，也期盼未來的研究可以針對權力運作有近一步的討論，理解到支配與順從是如何隱藏在各種形式的政治操作之中。

In this dissertation I explore the complex social process of countering international terrorism after the 9/11 bombings and the declaration of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Specifically, I look into the creation, maintenance, and transformation of the issue of terrorism and its corresponding responses. In order to understand this, I utilize the securitization framework that leans closer to its sociological turn. The sociological perspective in securitization studies presents an integrative framework that accommodates both discursive and non-discursive practices to better understand the subtleties of change and continuity or the evolution of a security issue. The utilization of the concept of regimes of practices further highlights the importance of securitization theory in understanding security issues and as well as expands its utility to capture particular experiences in the non-West. Thus, this work highlights the particular experience of the Philippines that has long been experiencing domestic and transnational forms of terrorism.

After the 9/11 bombings and the declaration of the GWOT, counterterrorism in the Philippines was seemingly recreated in that through this, the country was even dubbed as one of the US’ staunchest allies in the war on terror. In a way, this relationship has directly or indirectly informed Philippine responses to terrorism from the administrations of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010), Benigno Simeon Aquino, III (2010-2016), and Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016-present). Upon further reflection, this work reveals that it was not only the alliance that was important in the creation, maintenance, and transformation of the security issue but as well as local political dynamics that co-facilitated the acceptance of the security issue. In this research project I argued that there is so much more than what meets the eye in the Philippines’ response against terrorism. Security decision-making and the politics of the extraordinary is ultimately embedded within the regime of practices that manifests from the domestic political dynamics of the country.

In this dissertation I further reveal that the social construction of counterterrorism has far-reaching repercussions and has created a paradox in reference with the peace initiatives being pursued by the government. As I elaborated on the machinations of power, I made explicit its complex social process and more specifically, the prevailing dominant narrative understood as the traditional way of dealing with conflict and violence by employing heavy-handed approaches. This, then, is most useful to arrive at more informed responses. In a way, I conceived of this research project with the purpose of also encouraging further research works to focus on exposing the exercise of power to understand dominance and willing compliance hidden in various forms of political maneuvering.

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