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| 研究生： |
王信斌 Wang,Hsin-pin |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
Cognitive-Semantic Mechanisms Behind Heart Idioms 英文中"Heart"成語之認知語意機制 |
| 指導教授： | 賴惠玲 |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
外國語文學院 - 語言學研究所 Graduate Institute of Linguistics |
| 論文出版年： | 2004 |
| 畢業學年度： | 92 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 91 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 隱喻 、換喻 、成語 、心 、認知語意學 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | metaphor, metonymy, idiom, heart, Cognitive Semantics |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：157 下載：166 |
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本論文從認知語意學的角度來探討英文中 “Heart” 成語所牽涉到的認知語意機制，並以Lakoff (1993)所提出的當代隱喻理論、Kövecses & Radden (1998)從認知語言學角度針對換喻所做的研究以及Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和換喻的三個交互模式為基礎，進一步探討 “Heart” 成語的字面語意如何透過這些機制衍生出其象徵語意。此外，本論文也對收集到的七十七個 “Heart” 成語進行重新分類以修正Niemeier’s (2003)在 “Heart” 成語分類上所產成的謬誤。
研究分析發現七十七個 “Heart” 成語所牽涉的認知語意機制包括Lakoff (1993)提出的五種隱喻類型以及Kövecses & Radden (1998)提出的十五種換喻類型其中的六種，而七十七個 “Heart” 成語的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結則無法僅僅透過Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和換喻的三個交互模式進行建立，而必須加上本研究另外發現的四個新的交互模式才能完整建立起七十七個 “Heart” 成語的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結。
Based on the contemporary theory of metaphor by Lakoff (1993), a cognitive view toward metonymy by Kövecses & Radden (1998), and models of how metaphor can interact with metonymy by Ruiz de Mendoza (2003), this thesis makes an effort in exploring the cognitive-semantic mechanisms behind the 77 heart idioms collected for this research. Although Niemeier (2003) has tried to explore the metaphorical and metonymic bases for the heart idioms in English, her analysis is not satisfactory and can not meet the goal of this current research. A recategorization of heart idioms is therefore performed to encompass all the features exhibited by them before the cognitive-semantic analysis is proposed.
The analysis of heart idioms discovers that a full explanation of their figurative meanings requires the activation of all the five types of metaphor proposed by Lakoff (1993) and six out of the 15 types of metonymy-producing relationships proposed by Kövecses & Radden (1998). Furthermore, to fully account for the figurative meanings of heart idioms, the analysis also proposes six interaction models of between metaphor and metonymy, two of which are proposed in Ruiz de Mendoza (2003) and four of which are discovered by the current study.
TABLES
Table 1.1. Traditional view of idioms………………………3
Table 4.1. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying generic emotions…..............49
Table 4.2. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying specific emotions….............57
Table 4.3. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying personality…….................62
Table 4.4. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying emotional types of Personality…65
Table 4.5. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
belonging to the type of others............70
Table 4.6. All the metaphors mentioned in the
analysis...................................73
Table 4.7. All the types of metonymy-producing
relationships mentioned in the
analysis and related cognitive principles…75
Table 4.8. Models evoked for the research.............77
Table 5.1. Possible basic interaction models……………83
FIGURES
Figure 2.1. Relationship between the concepts of emotion
and personality...........................15
Figure 3.1. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metaphoric source (Ruiz de Mendoza 2003:
122):He got up on his hind legs to defend his
views......................................39
Figure 3.2. Source-in target metonymy within the
metaphoric target (Ruiz de Mendoza
2003: 122):He kept his eyes peeled for
pickpockets................................40
Figure 3.3. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target (Ruiz de Mendoza
2003: 122):She could read my mind..........41
Figure 4.1. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:open one’s heart........45
Figure 4.2. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:take something to heart…46
Figure 4.3. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metonymic target:harden one’s heart………47
Figure 4.4. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source:take heart..............51
Figure 4.5. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source:The way to a man’s
heart is through his stomach..............52
Figure 4.6. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metaphoric source:break one’s heart………53
Figure 4.7. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metonymic source:a lonely hearts club……53
Figure 4.8. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:win one’s heart…………55
Figure 4.9. Target-in-source metonymy being the target
of one metaphor and the source of another
metaphor:have a big heart………………………58
Figure 4.10. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metonymic target:heart of gold………………60
Figure 4.11. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source:heavy heart............63
Figure 4.12. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metaphoric source: One’s heart bleeds
for somebody………………………………………64
Figure 4.13. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:by heart……………………66
Figure 4.14. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:search one’s heart……67
Figure 4.15. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source: two hearts that beat
as one....................................69
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledges………………………………………………………………iv
Chinese Abstract............................................vi
English Abstract............................................vii
Tables………………………………………………………………………viii
Figures……………………………………………………………………ix
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION......................................1
1.1 Defining Idioms...............................1
1.2 Traditional View of Idioms…………………………2
1.3 Cognitive View of Idioms……………………………4
1.4 Motivation and Purpose………………………………6
II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND DATA CATEGORIZATION…………8
2.1 Niemeier’s (2003) Study……………………………9
2.2 Definitions of Emotion and Personality…………12
2.3 Previous Studies on Emotion………………………13
2.4 Categorization of Heart Idioms……………………16
2.4.1 Type 1: Emotion…………………………17
2.4.2 Type 2: Personality……………………19
2.4.3 Type 3: Emotional Types of
Personality.................21
2.4.4 Type 4: Others……………………………22
III. INTERPRETATION SCHEMES…………………………………23
3.1 Contemporary Theory of Metaphor…………………24
3.1.1 The Nature and Structure of
Metaphor...........................24
3.1.2 Invariance Principle…………………25
3.1.3 Types of Metaphor………………………26
3.2 Cognitive Linguistic View of Metonymy…………30
3.2.1 Types of Metonymy-Producing
Relationships......................32
3.2.2 Principles Determining the Preferred
Vehicle............................35
3.3 Interactions Between Metaphor and Metonymy…37
IV. ANALYSIS.........................................41
4.1 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying Generic
Emotions.....................................42
4.2 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying Specific
Emotions.....................................47
4.3 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying
Personality..................................55
4.4 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying Emotional
Types of Personality.........................59
4.5 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying
Others.......................................63
4.6 Reflections of the Theories………………………68
4.6.1 Reflections of the Theory of
Metaphor...........................69
4.6.2 Reflections of the Theory of
Metonymy...........................70
4.6.3 Reflections of the Theory of
Interaction Models.................73
V. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………75
5.1 Summary…………………………………………………75
5.2 Future Study…………………………………………78
Appendix……………………………………………………………………85
References………………………………………………………………88
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