| 研究生: |
沈偉康 |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
學習態度.人格特質.親子關係與測試焦慮的相關研究 |
| 指導教授: | 鍾思嘉 |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
教育學院 - 教育學系 Department of Education |
| 論文出版年: | 1987 |
| 畢業學年度: | 75 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 121 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:124 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
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論文提要内容:
本研究所指測試焦慮屬情境焦慮。在距高中聯考不到三個月時,以指導語讓受試者在情境焦慮量表上,預想其在考前一天將有的心理反應,而以之爲測試焦慮之指標。
本研究的主要目的在探討聯合學習態度、人格特質、親子關係等研究變項,另加上性別和班別(指前、後段班),來預測受試者的測試焦慮,將可以那些預測項求得最大的解釋率。在預測分析前,且先探討各預測項與測試焦慮的個別關係。在預測分析後,則進一步分別探討男、女生和前、後段班測試焦慮的主要預測項,並分別探討其前三個主要預測項在測試焦慮上是否存有交互的作用。
本研究的樣本爲北市五所國中的七六五位三年級學生。所用的研究工具計有「情境-特質焦慮量表」、「學習態度量表」、「簡式內外控量表」、「成就動機量表」(內含精熟、工作導向、競爭、對人不在意等四個分量表)、「父母期望問卷」與「父親和母親嚴管態度問卷」等,所用的統計方法有積差相關、變異數分析與多元逐步迴歸等。
綜合本研究的結果如次:(一)女生、前段班學生、高特質焦慮者、偏分數導向學習態度者、低精熟者、低對人不在意者,高父母期望者、高父親嚴管態度者、高母親嚴管態度者和偏外控信念者的測試焦慮都顯著較高。(二)測試焦慮的主要預測項依序爲特質焦慮、母親嚴管態度、性別、父母期望、班別、學習態度。其可聯合解釋受試者測試焦慮變異量的34%,惟單就特質焦慮一項即可達29%。此係因情境焦慮主要反映個體的特質焦慮,而比較特質焦慮和測試焦慮的主要預測項,亦可發現兩者大致相同,且前者受人格特質的影響較大,後者受情境因素的影響較大。故在預測受試者的測試焦慮時,次於特質焦慮的各主要預測項中,不含人格特質的變項,而且所增加的預測率也甚微少。(三)男生測試焦慮的前三個主要預測項爲特質焦慮、母親嚴管態度和父母期望,其間並未存有交互的作用。女生測試焦慮的前三個主要預測項爲特質焦慮、班別和成就動機,其中特質焦慮和成就動機存有交互作用,即在各成就動機組中,特質焦慮愈高,測試焦慮也愈高,但惟有在特質焦慮低分組中,高成就動機才會降低測試焦慮。(四)前段班測試焦慮的前三個主要預測項爲特質焦慮、性別和學習態度,其間並未存有交互的作用。後段班測試焦慮的前三個主要預測項爲特質焦慮、母親嚴管態度和父母期望,其中母親嚴管態度和父母期望存有交互作用,即惟有在母親嚴管態度高分組中,父母期望中間組的測試焦慮高於其他兩組,也惟有在父母期望中間組和低分組中,高母親嚴管態度才曾昇高測試焦慮。
最後並根據研究的結果和討論,提出測試焦慮的預防輔導以及未來研究的建議,以供參考。
目錄
第一章 緒論………1
第一節 研究動機與目的………1
第二節 名詞詮釋………5
第三節 研究限制………6
第四節 研究問題………8
第二章 文獻探討………9
第一節 測試焦慮………9
第二節 特質焦慮與測試焦慮………17
第三節 性別與測試焦慮………21
第四節 成就動機與測試焦慮………22
第五節 內外控與測試焦慮………25
第六節 學習習慣、態度與測試焦慮………28
第七節 親子關係與測試焦慮………31
第三章 研究方法………35
第一節 研究對象………35
第二節 研究工具………36
第三節 實施過程………45
第四節 統計分析………46
第四章 研究結果與討論………47
第一節 測試焦慮與變項個別的關係………47
第二節 影響測試焦慮的主要因素………55
第三節 影響男、女生和前、後段班測試焦慮的主要因素………63
第四節 影響測試焦慮因素間的交互作用………72
第五章 結論與建議………87
第一節 結論………87
第二節 建議………89
參考書目………95
附錄………109
圖表目次
圖
2-1 焦慮的本質………20
4-1 女生不同特質焦慮和成就動機在測試焦慮上的交互作用………78
4-2 後段班不同母親嚴管態度和父母期望在測試焦慮上的交互作用………84
表
3-1 樣本人數分佈情形………35
4-1 各變項的平均數、標準差,及依其平均數上下各0.5個標準差區分爲三組後,各組的人數、測試焦慮平均數和標準差………49
4-2 各變項組間測試焦慮平均數差異之單因子變異數分析結果,及其差異顯著後以薛費法進行事後多重比較的結果………50
4-3 各變項之相關矩陣………52
4-4 性別、班別的測試焦慮變異數分析摘要表………56
4-5 性別、班別測試焦慮平均數聯列表………57
4-6 性別、班別的特質焦慮變異數分析摘要表………58
4-7 預測測試焦慮的多元逐步迴歸分析結果摘要表………59
4-8 預測測試焦慮和特質焦慮的多元逐步迴歸結果比較………61
4-9 男、女生各變項與測試焦慮的相關係數表………64
4-10 預測男、女生測試焦慮的多元逐步迴歸結果比較………66
4-11 前、後段班各變項與測試焦慮的相關係數表………67
4-12 預測前、後段班測試焦慮的多元逐步迴歸結果比較………69
4-13 男生不同特質焦慮、母親嚴管態度和父母期望的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析中各細格的平均數及人數………73
4-14 男生不同特質焦慮、母親嚴管態度和父母期望的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析摘要表………74
4-15 女生不同特質焦慮、班別和成就動機的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析中各細格的平均數及人數………75
4-16 女生不同特質焦慮、班別和成就動機的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析摘要表………76
4-17 女生不同特質焦慮和成就動機的測試焦慮平均數聯列表………77
4-18 女生不同特質焦慮和成就動機在測試焦慮上的單純主要效果變異數分析摘要表………77
4-19 前段班不同特質焦慮、性別和學習習慣的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析中各細格的平均數及人數………79
4-20 前段班不同特質焦慮、性別和學習習慣的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析摘要表………80
4-21 後段班不同特質焦慮、母親嚴管態度和父母期望的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析中各細格的平均數及人數………81
4-22 後段班不同特質焦慮、母親嚴管態度和父母期望的測試焦慮三因子變異數分析摘要表………82
4-23 後段班不同母親嚴管態度和父母期望的測試焦慮平均數群列表………83
4-24 後段班不同母親嚴管態度和父母期望在測試焦慮上的單純主要效果變異數分析摘要表………84
參考書目
一、中文部分
北市國中輔導工作生活輔導實驗組:台北市東區13所國(私)中考試焦慮調查研究。台北:台北市政府教育局,民73年5月。
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林邦傑:國中學生的歸因特質與生活適應。中華心理學刊,民68,21卷,二期,61-74。
林清山:成就動機、測試焦慮特質與情緒指標、測試焦慮狀態的相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理學系教育心理學報,民67年,11期,37-48。
林清財:青少年自我統整與心理特質關係之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文,民73。
林繼盛:影響國小兒童學業成就的家庭因素。載於國民小學專題研究報告,台灣省國民學校教師研習會出版,民71。
吳英璋:如何減低考試焦慮。張老師月刊,7卷3期,民70年,141-142。
吳英璋、袁以雯、祝炳珣:考試焦慮的消除──認知行爲矯法法的實例說明。測驗與輔導,56期,民72年,頁930-934。
翁淑緣:青少年的自尊以及相關變項的研究。教育與心理研究,第八期,民74年7月,79-113。
陳月文:我不再害怕考試──以認知矯治考試焦慮症。張老師月刊,7卷3期,民70年,頁139-141。
郭生玉:父母期望水準不切實際時對子女成就動機之影響。國立台灣師範大學教育心理學系教育心理學報,民64,8期,61-80。
程玲玲:考試焦慮理論與文獻的探討。張老師月刊,7卷3期,民70年,頁136-139。
劉誠:考試焦慮認知型態及性格意向的關係。中華心理學刊,民66,17期,75-77。
鍾思嘉:修訂情境焦慮量表簡介。測驗與輔導,第十卷第6期,民71年,789-790。
鍾思嘉:測驗指導語對國中學生情境焦慮的影響。台北:正昇教育科學社,民74年。
蘇建文:兒童及青少年焦慮情緒之發展及其相關因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理學系教育心理學報,民69,13期,85-94。
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