本研究主要之目的在探討青少年性別、家庭狀況、年級與各種鬱卒經驗、憂鬱傾向、尋求幫助、自殺傾向之關係。內容可分為三個部份：(1)探討我國青少年在憂鬱傾向、和種鬱卒經驗、尋求幫助、自殺傾向上的現況。(2)探討青少年的性別、家庭狀況、年級與憂鬱傾向、各種鬱卒經驗、尋求幫助、自殺傾向的關係。(3)探討青少年憂鬱傾向、各種鬱卒經驗、幫求幫助、自殺傾向各變項間的關係。

本研究以國民中學一至三年級的學生為取樣的對象，有效樣本計740人（男362人、女373人：國一251人、國二254人、國三235人）。所採用的工具包括「青少年鬱卒經驗量」、「流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表」、以及「尋求幫助及自殺傾向問卷」。研究中所使用的統計方法包括皮爾森積差相關、典型相關、t考驗、單因子多變量變異數分析、單因子單變量變異數分析、Scheffe事後比較、卡方百分比同質性考驗、區別分析等。

本研究主要的結果如下：

一、以憂鬱傾向來看，台灣地區的青少年在主觀感受上，覺得自己介於「不太憂鬱」與「有些憂鬱」之間；而從量表得分來看，介於「潛在憂鬱」與「輕度憂鬱」之間。此外，女生比男生憂鬱。

二、最容易引起台灣地區青少年鬱卒的原因是「被人忽略、關係不佳」，鬱卒時最常感到的感覺為「心情不好、內心煩憂」，而最常使用「一般的調適策略」來排除鬱卒的感覺。

三、台灣地區的青少年中，有超過半數的人在感到憂鬱的候時，會試著去尋求幫助，而求助對象多半為「朋友」、「同學」、「兄弟姊妹」，而求助的原因是想要「獲得一些忠告，讓自己看清問題」。

四、台灣地區的青少年，有42.0%的人想到自殺過，而9.4%的人曾經自殺過。

五、在性別與各種鬱卒經驗關係方面，女生因為「被人忽略關係不佳」、「被父母師長處罰」、「失去在乎的擁有」而感到鬱卒的機會顯著的高於男生；女生在鬱卒時感到「心情不好內心煩憂」、「絕望無助」的次數顯著的高於男生；女生以「一般的調適策略」來排除鬱卒的次數顯著的高於男生，而男生以「尋求刺激發洩破破」、「呼朋引伴運動玩樂」來排除鬱卒的次數顯著的高於女生。

六 、在家庭狀況各種鬱卒經驗關係方面，非與親生父母同住的學生在鬱卒時感到「絕望無助」、「惱於心怒於外」的次數顯著的高於與親生父母同住的學生。

七、在就讀年級與各種鬱卒經驗關係方面，國三學生因為「親密關係的失落」而感到鬱卒的機會顯著的高於國一學生；而國一學生因為「課業表現不符期望」而感到鬱卒的機會顯著的高於國三學生。國三學生在顯著的高於國一學生時感到「心情不好內心煩憂」的次數顯著的高於國二學生與國一學生，而國二學生也顯著的高於國一學生；國三學生在顯著的高於國一學生時感到「絕望無助」、「惱於心怒於外」的次數皆顯著的高於國一學生。國三學生以「一般的調適策略」、「尋求刺激發洩破破」來排除鬱卒的次數皆顯著的於國一學生；而國一學生以「看書解閃求助師長」來排除鬱卒的次數皆顯著的高於國三學生。

八、在性別與憂鬱傾向關係方面，女生在「負面情感」、「身心疲乏」、「人際關係問題」上，都比男生有較高的憂鬱傾向。

九、在性別與尋求幫助關係方面，當青少年感到憂鬱的時候，女生比較男生容易尋求他人的幫助。

十、在性別與自殺傾向關係方面，女生比男生容易產生自殺念頭，而且曾經自殺過的比例也比男生高。

十一、在家庭狀況與自殺傾向關係方面，自殺念頭方面，與親生父母同住青少年在「從沒想到過自殺」的比例高於非與親生父母同住青少年，而非與親生父母同住的青少年在「偶而想到自殺」以及「常常想到自殺」的比例，也高於與親生父母同住的青少年：自殺行為方面，與親生父母同住的青少年曾經自殺過的比例低於非與親生父母同住的青少年。

十二、在就讀年級與自殺傾向關係方面，隨著年級的增長，曾經自殺過的比例也隨之增加。

十三、在各種鬱卒經驗與憂鬱傾向關係方面，常因為「被人忽略關係不佳」、「失去在乎的擁有」、「錢財落空身體受困」、「不愛上學」、「親密關係的失落」而感到「鬱卒」的人，其憂傾向也較高。而常使用各種方法來調適自己鬱卒感覺的人，則憂鬱傾向相對較低。

十四、在鬱卒傾向與尋求幫助關係方面「無憂鬱組」中「不會尋求幫助」的比例高於「會尋求幫助」的比例：而在其他四組中，「會尋求幫助」的比例皆高於「不會尋求幫助」的比例。此外，會尋求幫助的排序依序為輕度憂鬱組、重度憂鬱組、中度憂鬱組、潛在憂鬱組、無憂鬱組。而在「沒有尋求幫助的原因」部份，無憂鬱組與潛在憂鬱組沒有尋求幫助的主要原因大多是「認為問題不是很嚴重」，而輕度憂鬱組、中度憂鬱組、重度憂鬱組沒有尋求幫助的主要原因則是「我很想，但是不知道要找誰幫助我」。

十五、憂鬱傾向與自殺傾向關係方面，在「自殺念頭」方面，青少年想到要自殺的頻率隨著其憂鬱程度的增加而增加：而在「自殺行為」方面，曾經自殺的頻率也是隨著其憂鬱程度的增加而增加。

十六、在種鬱卒經驗與尋求幫助關係方面，如果個體常常因為「被人忽略關係不佳」、「親密關係的失落」而感到鬱卒的感覺，且常常採用「一般的調適策略」和「看書解愁求助師長」的調適方法、則他（她）在面臨憂鬱的情況時，也較容易尋求他人的幫助。

十七、在各種鬱卒經驗與自殺傾向關係方面，就「自殺念頭」而言，如果有個體常常有「絕望無助」、「心情不好內心煩憂」、以及「惱於心怒於外」的鬱卒感受或行為，則較容易想到要自殺。而就「自殺行為」而言，如果個體常常有「絕望無助」、「心情不好內心煩憂」的鬱卒感受或行為，而常以「尋求刺激發洩破壞」來調適心情的話，則其過去曾經自殺的可能性很高。

本研究根據上述結果加以討論，並提供若干建議以供後續研究及學生輔導工作之參考。

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