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| 研究生： |
劉淑梅 Liu, Shu Mei |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
論中文Tough-與Middle-結構句中的"容易"、"好"、與"難" Between Tough and Middle: On Mandarin Rongyi, Hao, and Nan |
| 指導教授： |
何萬順
Her, One Soon |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
外國語文學院 - 語言學研究所 Graduate Institute of Linguistics |
| 論文出版年： | 1995 |
| 畢業學年度： | 84 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 105 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | Tough-結構 、Middle-結構 、詞彙功能語法 、詞彙映照理論 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | tough, middle, lexical functional grammar, lexical mapping theory |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：190 下載：0 |
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本篇論文旨在研究中文"容易"，"好"，與"難"所屬的句式，內部結構，及此三者混淆難辨的原因。
我們認為"容易"屬Tough-結構，乃由Raising- 句主題化而來。"好"則屬Middle- 結構，是經詞彙律衍生而成。此分析正確的解釋二者表現之異同。
由歷史演變觀之，"難"應屬Tough- 結構，為"容易"之反義詞。但因近代Middle- 結構興起，表面結構與Tough同，類化作用於焉產生，"難看"為一例。
This study aims to identify the constructions of rongyi, hao, and nan sentencesin Mandarin, analyze their internal structure, and provide appropriate accountstoward the long-term confusion among these three.
Rongyi, in our analysis, is a gradable stative verb leading a tough construction.The so-called Tough Construction in Mandarin is a topicalized raising construc-tion with a generic subject. This analysis not only captures the generalization among similalr constructions (Raising Construction, Tough Construction, and topicalized sentences) but also accounts for its characteristics such as overtagent, long-distance binding, and so on.
Hao is a prefix triggering Middle Rule which surpresses all the theta-roles of atransitive active verb but the patient-like one (with the feature [-r]), yieldinga statve verb haoV as a middle predicate. The appropriateness of middles is subject to two pragmatic constraints, which further support our treatment of middle as a lexical process. The lexical approach successfully explains the surpressed agent, the inseparability between hao and V, and some other characte-ristics of middles.
Judging from diachronic evidence, nan is basically the antonym of rongyi and ap-pears in a raising construction, tough construction, and topicalized sentences as rongyi does. Analogy takes place, however, that in some cases, nan and its following verb are reanalyzed and undergo semantic shift due to its identical linear order with middleconstruction. That reflects the characteristics of languagechange.
Acknowledgements-----iv
Table of Contents-----vi
Abbreviations-----ix
Chinese Abstract-----x
English Abstract-----xi
Chapter One: Introduction-----1
Chapter Two: Identification of Mandarin Tough Construction and Middle Construction
2.1 Universal Characteristics of Tough Construction and Middle Construction-----5
2.1.1 Tough Construction-----5
2.1.2 Middle Construction-----8
2.1.3 A Comparison-----11
2.2 Rongyi as Mandarin Tough Predicate and Hao V as Mandarin Middle Predicate
2.2.1 Lexical Status of Rongyi and Hao-----13
2.2.2 Constructions of Rongyi and Hao-----17
2.2.2.1 Similarity: Both Rongyi and Hao V as stative verbs-----17
2.2.2.2 Contrast: Rongyi as a Tough Predicate and HaoN as a Middle Predicate-----18
Chapter Three: Mandarin Tough Construction: Rongyi
3.1 Previous Analyses-----21
3.1.1 Wei's Analysis (1993)-----21
3.1.2 Her's Analysis (1991a)-----24
3.2 An Alternative Analysis-----26
3.2.1 A Sketch of Lexical Functional Grammar-----27
3.2.2 An LFG Analysis of Mandarin Tough Construction-----28
3.2.3 Tough Construction as a Topic Structure-----31
3.2.4 Rongyi as a Raising Verb-----34
3.3 Significance of the LFG Account of Mandarin Tough Construction-----37
3.3.1 Mandarin Tough Construction as a Syntacticallydriven Construction-----37
3.3.2 Predictions of the Topic Analysis-----39
3.3.2.1 Double Object Constructions-----39
3.3.2.2 Relative Clauses-----40
3.4 Summary-----40
Chapter Four: Mandarin Middle Construction: Hao
4.1 Previous Analyses-----43
4.1.1 Pagan's Analysis (1988, 1992)-----43
4.1.2 Ackema & Schoorlemmer's Analysis (1994, 1995)-----46
4.1.3 Huang's Analysis (1993)-----51
4.2 An Alternative Analysis-----53
4.2.1 An Introduction to Lexical Mapping Theory-----53
4.2.2 A Morpholexical Rule for Middle Pormation-----55
4.2.3 Locatives as Middle Subjects-----57
4.2.3.1 Patient Rule-----58
4.2.3.2 Justification of the Patient Rule-----59
4.2.3.3 Locatives in Middles-----61
4.2.4 Pragmatic Constraints on Mandarin Middles-----62
4.2.4.1 Habituation-----62
4.2.4.2 Responsibility-----64
4.3 Significance of the LMT Account of Mandarin Middles-----65
4.3.1 Mandarin Middle Construction as a LexicallyDerived Construction-----65
4.3.2 Morphological Block-----66
4.3.3 Lexical Diffusion-----67
4.4 Summary-----68
Chapter Five: The Difficult Area: Nan
5.1 A General Survey of Nan-----71
5.2 A Diachronic View of Nan-----75
5.3 A Synchronic Analysis of Nan-----77
5.3.1 Nan as a Tough Predicate-----77
5.3.2 Where Analogy Takes Place-----81
5.4 Summary-----82
Chapter Six: Conclusion
6.1 Summary-----83
6.2 Implications-----84
6.3 Final Remarks-----84
References-----87
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