德沃金（Ronald Dworkin）提出合法性論證，主張政府不應該限制仇恨言論。他指出，對仇恨言論的限制會影響各種立場平等表達意見的機會，使得在此限制下通過的下游法律失去合法性。瓦爾準（Jeremy Waldron）則試圖論證，因為仇恨言論總是可以被非仇恨言論代替，在限制仇恨言論的情況下，各種立場平等表達意見的機會不會被影響，下游法律的合法性也不會受到影響。韋恩斯坦站在德沃金的角度反對瓦爾準對仇恨言論的論述，而瓦爾準亦予以反駁。然而瓦爾準始終沒有很好地解决這一問題：非仇恨言論何以代替仇恨言論來表達意見？對這一問題的解答，是加強瓦爾準的反合法性論證的關鍵。
筆者在本文中試圖解決這一問題。首先，筆者將解答如何區分仇恨言論的內容與形式，藉此討論非仇恨言論為何可以傳達仇恨言論的內容。除此之外，筆者將進一步指出，限制仇恨言論，不會對各個立場平等表達意見的機會造成影響，只會對各個立場表達意見的能力造成限制。透過對這一問題的解決，筆者為瓦爾準的反合法性論證辯護。

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中文參考文獻
鄭光明，（2015），<瓦爾準和藍騰論仇恨言論>，《東吳哲學學報》，第32期，頁1-36。
張原斌，（2016），《德沃金與藍騰論仇恨言論》，國立政治大學哲學研究所碩士學位論文。