本研究旨在評估捷運系統建設對地方政府房屋稅收之影響，探討大型交通建設所帶來之區位條件改善，是否能進一步反映於房屋稅基與房屋稅收之變化。相較於既有文獻多聚焦於交通建設對不動產市場之影響，較少從地方財政角度探討其稅收效果，本研究以民國95年至112年間「基北北桃」地區之捷運建設為研究對象，並考量各路線通車時點不一致之特性，採用交錯處理時點差異中之差異法（Staggered Difference-in-Differences, Staggered DID）進行實證分析，以識別不同捷運路線分期通車的交錯時間特徵，進而估計其對房屋稅相關指標之影響。研究結果顯示，捷運建設與房屋稅相關指標的成長呈現正向相關。
以臺北市與雙北地區為例，僅臺北市之房屋標準單價估計結果達統計顯著水準；相較之下，其餘房屋稅相關指標雖呈現正向影響，但於臺北市及雙北地區樣本中均未達統計顯著水準。此結果顯示，對於捷運建設發展較早之大臺北地區，捷運建設所帶來之影響可能已部分反映於既有房屋評價結果中，因此對房屋稅相關價值指標之正向影響相對有限。而當研究範圍由臺北市擴展至「基北北桃」地區後，捷運建設之政策效果進一步提升，其中以桃園機場捷運沿線地區最為明顯，顯示不同捷運路線之政策效果存在顯著異質性。敏感度分析結果則顯示，捷運建設之稅收效果可能受到房屋稅三年重評機制之影響，因此即使逐步接近通車時點，房屋稅收效果亦未持續擴大。在不同環域範圍下，房屋稅相關指標之政策效果並未呈現隨距離縮短而逐步遞增之趨勢，惟最接近捷運站之環域範圍所估得之政策效果最高，顯示捷運建設所帶來之效益較集中於捷運站周邊核心區域。此外，街路等級調整率亦為影響村里是否受到捷運建設影響之重要因素。
整體而言，本研究結果表明，捷運建設與地方房屋稅稅基及稅收的成長呈正向相關，惟其效應大小因捷運路線而異。此類差異可能與不同捷運廊道沿線的建築物特徵、地段條件及地方房屋稅稅負水準的差異有關。研究結果除補充公共建設與地方財政相關文獻外，亦可作為未來軌道建設規劃及財政效益評估之參考依據。

This study examines the effects of metro system development on local housing tax revenue and investigates whether improvements in accessibility and location conditions brought by large-scale transportation infrastructure are reflected in changes in the housing tax base and housing tax revenue. While previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of transportation infrastructure on real estate markets, relatively few have examined its fiscal implications from the perspective of local governments. Using metro projects in the Greater Taipei Metropolitan Area (Taipei City, New Taipei City, Keelung City, and Taoyuan City) from 2006 to 2023, this study applies a Staggered Difference-in-Differences (Staggered DID) approach to account for the staggered adoption of metro operations across different lines and estimate their effects on housing tax-related indicators. The results indicate that metro development is positively associated with the growth of housing tax-related indicators.
Using Taipei City and the Greater Taipei area as examples, only the estimated results of the standard unit price of buildings in Taipei City reach statistical significance. In contrast, although the remaining housing tax-related indicators show positive effects, none of them reach statistical significance in the Taipei City and Greater Taipei area samples. This result suggests that, in the Greater Taipei area, where metro development occurred earlier, the effects of metro development may have been partially reflected in existing housing assessment results, resulting in relatively limited positive effects on housing tax-related value indicators. When the study area is expanded from Taipei City to the “Greater Taipei-Keelung-Taoyuan” area, the policy effects of metro development further increase, with the most pronounced effects observed along the Taoyuan Airport MRT line, indicating significant heterogeneity in policy effects across different metro lines. Sensitivity analysis results further show that the tax revenue effects of metro development may be influenced by the three-year reassessment mechanism of housing tax. Therefore, even as the opening dates of metro lines gradually approached, the effects on housing tax revenue did not continue to expand. Across different buffer zones, the estimated policy effects on housing tax-related indicators do not exhibit a gradual increase as the distance to metro stations decreases. However, the estimated policy effects are highest within the buffer zone closest to the metro stations, suggesting that the benefits generated by metro development are more concentrated in the core areas surrounding metro stations. In addition, the location adjustment rate is also an important factor influencing whether villages are affected by metro development.
Overall, the findings indicate that metro development is positively associated with the growth of local housing tax bases and housing tax revenue, while the magnitude of these effects varies across different metro lines. These differences may be related to variations in building characteristics, location conditions, and local housing tax levels along different metro corridors. The results contribute to the literature on public infrastructure and local public finance and provide useful references for future rail transit planning and fiscal impact evaluation.

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