本文的研究主旨在於 ： 從中央與地方政治權力關係變動的主軸來探

討台灣威權政體的轉型過程。在概念的界定上，早期（ 1972 年前）或狹

義的中央與地方政治權力關係，主要係指涉國民黨與地方派系的結盟關係

，後期（ 1972 年後）或廣義的意涵，則主要係指涉中央政治勢力和地方

基層間的關係，其中，國民黨、反對運動及地方派系三者間的關係，乃是

著重焦點所在。至於分析架構的安排，首先，本文先敘述國民黨威權政體

形成的歷史背景，繼之分析國民黨威權政體的建構，包括國民黨威權政體的控制與支配，及其內在脆弱性。其次，本文將中央與地方政治權力關係的演變劃分為三個時期：第一個時期是 1949-1972 年， 主要劃分的依據在於 1972 年增額選舉的舉辦（象徵中央大門的開啟），分析焦點則是國民黨與地方派系依侍結盟的建立； 第二個時期是 1972-1986 年，主要劃分的依據在於民進黨的成立（象徵中央政治權力的分化），分析的焦點則是本土地方勢力（包括反對運動和地方派系）的向中央挺進，及其和外來政權之間的互動、激盪；第三個時期是 1986 年後，分析的焦點在於黨國體制的瓦解 -- 國民黨的轉化、國會的全面改選 -- 立法院的轉型及地方派系的變與不變 -- 政經結合體。再者，在分析的流程中，本文援引了兩

個貫穿上述三個時期的環境仲介變數：一是意識的發展，主要係指「大中國意識」和「台灣主體意識」彼此間的消長；二是選舉機制的發展，包括選舉角色和選舉層次的改變。

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