二十世紀的後半葉，歐洲國家在美國的協助之下，從二次大戰後的廢墟中逐漸復興，但是在地球的另一個半邊－亞洲－許多國家卻還在貧窮、落後的邊緣掙扎。但是亞洲國家中一個獨特的成員－日本－開始急起直追，在一連串的品質
改進、成本減省以及許多努力之後，先後在汽車產業、鋼鐵業以及消費性電子產品業有著卓越的表現，甚至較之歐美有過之而無不及，致使日本成為開發國家之一員。值此之際，在亞洲還有其他國家，也莫不奮力求進，乃至於有所謂的「亞洲四小龍」－韓國、台灣、香港與新加坡－的出現。這四個國家人口並不多，國土面積也不大，卻創造出傲人的經濟成長與表現，一時之間，這四個國家成為各國爭相研究與學習的對象。
若論起經濟發展的模式，雖然這四個國家有著相似的文化背景，但是因為因為土地面積、人口、地理位置與擁有的資源各不相同，因此所採用的成長策略也自有其差異。如果我們以其中的韓國與台灣來比較，我們可以明顯看出這兩個
國家之間的異同。首先，政府的角色。以經濟學的角度來看，政府的角色一直是舉棋難定的，因為自有一派學者認為政府應該介入經濟與產業的發展；同時也有另外一派抱持相反的看法。在實際的例子中，美國因為政府的放任自主而成功，相反的，日本在發展半導體業的初期，卻是狹著政府政策控制、保護，而能夠取代美國成為霸主。因此，兩國政府在政策的施行與態度方面是否有其異同？其次，韓國政府扶植大財團的形成，以統合力量與競爭者一較長短；相反的，台灣政府卻輔導中小型企業，以靈活的合作網路迂迴攻擊。兩者各有其優缺點，但是，在何種產業或是何種競爭模式之下，哪一種策略是較為可行的？
接著，韓國與台灣都經歷過「模仿」的策略時期，但是在這個時期結束之後兩國各用了何種策略來創造出自己特有的競爭優勢？哪一種策略是比較有效的？最重要的是，在探討韓國與台灣的知識流通模式之間的異同之外，本研究也試圖藉由兩個國家產業發展的過程，分析在不同時期由於技術能力的不同是否會影響知識流通的方式？此外，在不同的時期之間，知識創造與知識加值活動之間是否有其程度上與本質上的異同。

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