跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黃祈璿
論文名稱: 老品牌以及年輕代言人的個性適配性對於活化品牌的效果探討 - 產品涉入程度的干擾效果
The influence of young endorser and old brand personality congruency on brand rejuvenation
指導教授: 邱志聖
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 商學院 - 國際經營與貿易學系
Department of International Business
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 92
中文關鍵詞: 品牌活化涉入程度品牌個性代言人個性老品牌年輕代言人
相關次數: 點閱:161下載:23
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 人怕老,品牌更怕老!品牌老化,每個企業在經營品牌的遙遙之路上必然會面臨的危機。任何一個偉大的品牌都可能面臨老化,即使領導品牌也可能衰落甚至死亡 (Haig, 2003; Lehu, 2003)。一旦老化的品牌,逐漸的有意識無意識的從消費者的喚起集合中消失 (Aaker, 1991)。研究顯示消費者其實還是喜愛老品牌的,但是他們卻不再有消費它的渴望 (Lehu, 2004)。因此如何解救老化危機,順利活化品牌是每個經理人都需要探究的課題。
    代言人策略是目前市面上普遍使用的行銷手法,品牌代言人除了能快速喚起注意,有效的詮釋品牌的個性內涵,甚至可以建立品牌的期待擁有的聯想。但選擇哪位代言人才能最大化成效?

    本研究主要的目的為,探討產品涉入程度、老品牌個性、年輕代言人個性三者之間的交互作用對於老品牌活化的影響,檢測老品牌個性跟年輕代言人個性的一致性對於不同涉入程度的產品種類的適用效果。本研究採用 2(產品涉入程度:高、低)X 2(老化品牌個性:誠懇、刺激) X 2(年輕代言人個性:誠懇、刺激)的三因子實驗研究,共分為8組。

    本研究研究結果發現,採用年輕代言人來活化品牌的策略對整體年輕化的效果上是顯著的,但是對於整體品牌態度卻呈現負面效果。針對品牌跟年輕代言人個性的一致性對於高低涉入程度的品牌別的適用性,本研究發現,當產品涉入程度低如食品的時候,選擇的年輕代言人個性跟品牌個性越一致,消費者的購買意願越高;而當產品涉入程度高如相機的時候,誠懇品牌個性跟誠懇年輕代言人個性顯然對提升購買意願較有效。


    第一章 緒論 8
    第一節 研究動機 8
    第二節 研究目的 9
    第三節 研究程序 10
    第二章 文獻探討 11
    第一節 品牌活化 11
    壹、 品牌老化 11
    貳、 品牌活化策略 13
    第二節 代言人策略 15
    壹、 代言人理論 16
    第三節 品牌個性與年輕代言人個性適配性 19
    壹、 品牌個性 19
    參、 誠懇跟刺激的品牌個性 22
    肆、 品牌&年輕代言人個性適配性 23
    第四節 產品涉入程度 24
    第五節 研究概念 25
    第六節 研究假設 28
    第三章 研究設計 29
    第一節 變數的定義與衡量 29
    壹、 產品涉入程度 29
    伍、 老品牌個性 29
    陸、 年輕代言人個性 30
    第二節 實驗設計 31
    第三節 問卷設計與資料收集 32
    壹、 前測問卷 32
    貳、 正式問卷 34
    第三節 研究工具的信度與效度分析 35
    第四章 研究結果 38
    第一節 分析結果 38
    壹、 操弄檢測 38
    貳、 代言人策略對品牌活化的影響 40
    參、 老品牌與年輕代言人個性一致性對品牌活化的影響 42
    肆、 老品牌與年輕代言人個性的一致性對高低涉入程度的產品別適用性 45
    第五章 結論與建議 57
    第一節 研究結果與討論 57
    第二節 行銷意涵與建議 60
    第三節 研究限制與未來建議 61
    參考文獻 63
    附錄 71
    前測問卷 - 品牌故事 71
    前測問卷 – 問項 75
    正式問卷 - 品牌故事 77
    正式問卷 – 問項 81

    西文文獻
    Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name. New York: The Free Press.
    Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of Brand Personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34, 347-356.
    Aaker, J. L. (1999). Brand Personality: A Path to Differentiation. Brands Face the Future, 13-21.
    Aaker, J., Fournier, S., & Brasel, S. A. (2004). When good brands do bad. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 1-16.
    Altschiller, D. (2000). "Do Dot-Coms" Ads Reveal a More Basic Flaw? Brandweek, 41(12), 32.
    Amos, C., Holmes, G., & Strutton, D. (2008). Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects and advertising effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising, 27(2), 209-234.
    Batra, R., Lehmann, D. R., & Singh, D. (1993). The brand personality component of brand goodwill: some antecedents and consequences. Brand equity and advertising, 83-96.
    Belk, R. W. (1988). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 139-168.

    Biel, A. (1992). How Brand Image Drives Brand Equity. Journal of Advertising Research, 32, 6-12.
    Buss, D. M. (1991). Conflict in married couples: Personality predictors of anger and upset. Journal of Personality, 59(4), 663-688.
    Callcott, M. F., & Phillips, B. J. (1996). Elves make good cookies: creating likable spokes-character advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 36, 73-79.
    Caprara, G. V., Claudio Barbaranelli, and Gianluigi Guido. (2001). Brand Personality: How to Make the Metaphor Fit? Journal of Economic Psychology, 22(June), 377-395.
    Celsi, R. L., & Olson, J. C. (1988). The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 210-224.
    Chaiken, S. (1979). Communicator physical attractiveness and persuasion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 37(8), 1387-1397.
    Cohen, J. B. (1983). Involvement and You: 1000 Great Ideas. Advances in Consumer Research, 10(1), 325-328.
    de Chernatony, L. a. M., M.H.B. (1994). Creating Powerful Brands. London: Butterworth -Heinemann Ltd.
    Dholakia, R. R., & Sternthal, B. (1977). Highly credible sources: persuasive facilitators or persuasive liabilities? Journal of Consumer Research, 223-232.
    Docters, R. G. (1999). Branding: Shotgun or rifle? The Journal of Business Strategy, 20(4), 9-14.
    Eisend, M., & Langner, T. (2010). Immediate and delayed advertising effects of celebrity endorsers attractiveness and expertise. International Journal of Advertising, 29(4), 527-546.
    Erdogan, B. Z. (1999). Celebrity Endorsement: A Literature Review. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(4), 291-314.
    Erdogan, B. Z., Baker, M. J., & Tagg, S. (2001). Selecting celebrity endorsers: the practitioner's perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(3), 39-48.
    Forkan, J. (1980). Product Matchup Key to Effective Star Presentation Advertising Age, 51, 42.
    Fortini-Cambell, L. (1992). Hitting the Sweet Spot. Chicago, IL, USA: The Copy Work Shop.
    Fowles, J. (1996). Advertising and popular culture (Vol. 5): SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
    Freiden, J. B. (1984). Advertising spokesperson effects: An examination of endorser type and gender on two audiences. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(5), 33-41.
    Friedman, H. H. a. F. L. (1979). Endorser Effectiveness by Product Type. Journal of Advertising Research, 19(5), 63-71.
    Gardner, M. P., Mitchell, A. A., & Russo, J. E. (1985). Low involvement strategies for processing advertisements. Journal of Advertising, 14(2), 4-12.
    Greenwald, A. G., & Leavitt, C. (1984). Audience involvement in advertising: Four levels. Journal of Consumer Research, 581-592.
    Haig, M. (2003). Brand Failures. London: Kogan Page.
    Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations: Psychology Press.
    Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public opinion quarterly, 15(4), 635-650.
    Huber, F., Meyer, F., Vogel, J., Weihrauch, A., & Hamprecht, J. (2012). Endorser age and stereotypes: Consequences on brand age. Journal of Business Research, 66(2).
    Johar, G. V., Sengupta, J., & Aaker, J. L. (2005). Two roads to updating brand personality impressions: Trait versus evaluative inferencing. Journal of Marketing Research, 458-469.
    Kahle, L. R., & Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical attractiveness of the celebrity endorser: A social adaptation perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 954-961.
    Kaikati, J. G. (1987). Celebrity advertising: a review and synthesis. International Journal of Advertising, 6(2), 93-105.
    Kamins, M. A. (1989). Celebrity and non-celebrity advertising in a two-sided context. Journal of Advertising Research, 29(3), 34-42.
    Kamins, M. A. (1990). An Investigation into the "Match-up" Hypothesis in Celebrity Advertising: When beauty may only be skin deep. Journal of Advertising, 19(1), 4-13.
    Kapferer, J.-N. (1991). Les marques, capital de l'entreprise: Les Éditions d'organisation.
    Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring and Managing Customer-based Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing, 57, 1-22.
    Keller, K. L. (1998). Strategic Brand Management - Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Keller, K. L. (1999). Managing Brands for the Long Run: Brand Reinforcement and Revitalization Strategies. California Management Review, 41(3), 102-122.
    Krishnan, H. S. (1996). Characteristics of memory associations: A consumer-based brand equity perspective. International Journal of research in Marketing, 13(4), 389-405.
    Krugman, H. E. (1965). The Impact of Television Advertising: Learning without Involvement. Public opinion quarterly, 29(3), 349-356.
    Lambert-Pandraud, R., & Laurent, G. (2010). Why Do Older Consumers Buy Older Brands? The Role of Attachment and Declining Innovativeness. Journal of Marketing, 74(5), 104-121.
    Leclerc, F., Schmitt, B. H., & Dubé, L. (1994). Foreign branding and its effects on product perceptions and attitudes. Journal of Marketing Research, 263-270.
    Lee, J.-G., & Thorson, E. (2008). The impact of celebrity-product incongruence on the effectiveness of product endorsement. Journal of Advertising Research, 48(3), 433.
    Lehu, J. M. (2003). Le coût du temps. La Revue des Marques, 41, 35-38.
    Lehu, J. M. (2004). Back to life! Why brands grow old and sometimes die and what managers then do: an exploratory qualitative research put into the French context. Journal of Marketing Communications, 10(2), 133-152.
    Lehu, J. M. (2006). Brand rejuvenation: Kogan Page, London.
    Liu, M. T., Huang, Y.-Y., & Minghua, J. (2007). Relations among attractiveness of endorsers, match-up, and purchase intention in sport marketing in China. Journal of consumer Marketing, 24(6), 358-365.
    McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, 310-321.
    McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (1989). The structure of Interpersonal Traits: Wiggins's Circumplex and Five-Factor Model. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56(4), 583-586.

    Misra, S., & Beatty, S. E. (1990). Celebrity spokesperson and brand congruence: An assessment of recall and affect. Journal of Business Research, 21(2), 159-173.
    Moser, M. (2003). United We Brand. Boston: MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
    Mowen, J. C. (1980). Further information on consumer perceptions of product recalls. Advances in Consumer Research, 7(1), 519-523.
    Ohanian, R. (1991). The impact of celebrity spokespersons’ perceived image on consumers’ intention to purchase. Journal of Advertising Research, 31(1), 46-54.
    Ostrom, T. M., & Brock, T. C. (1968). A cognitive model of attitudinal involvement. Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook, 373-383.
    Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion Communication and Persuasion (pp. 1-24): Springer.
    Plummer, J. T. (1985). How personality makes a difference. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(06), 27-31.
    Robins, R. W., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2000). Two personalities, one relationship: both partners' personality traits shape the quality of their relationship. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79(2), 251.
    Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer Behavior, 7th: Prentice Hall, Inc.
    Schultz, D. E., & Barnes, B. E. (1995). Strategic Advertising Campaigns. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing.
    Sengupta, J., Goodstein, R. C., & Boninger, D. S. (1997). All Cues are not Created Equal: Obtaining Attitude Persistence under Low- Involvement Conditions. Journal of Consumer Research, 23(4), 351-361.

    Sherif, M., & Cantril, H. (1947). The Psycology of Ego-Involvement. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    Shimp, T. A. (2000). Adverstising promotion: supplement aspects of integrated marketing communications-5/E.
    Silvera, D. H., & Austad, B. (2004). Factors predicting the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement advertisements. European Journal of Marketing, 38(11/12), 1509-1526.
    Slama, M. E., & Tashchian, A. (1985). Selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with purchasing involvement. The Journal of Marketing, 72-82.
    Smith, S. (2001). America's Greatest Brands. New York: America's Greatest Brands.
    Solomon, M. R. (2006). Consumer behavior: Pearson Education.
    Swaminathan, V., Stilley, K. M., & Ahluwalia, R. (2009). When brand personality matters: The moderating role of attachment styles. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(6), 985-1002.
    Tauber, E. M. (1988). Brand Leverage: Strategy for Growth in a Cost-control World. Journal of Advertising Research, 28, 26-30.
    Till, B. D. (1998). Using Celebrity Endorsers Effectively: Lessons from Associative Learning. The Journal of Product and Brand Management, 7(5), 400.
    Till, B. D., Stanley, S. M., & Priluck, R. (2008). Classical conditioning and celebrity endorsers: An examination of belongingness and resistance to extinction. Psychology & Marketing, 25(2), 179-196.

    Tom, G., Clark, R., Elmer, L., Grech, E., Masetti Jr, J., & Sandhar, H. (1992). The use of created versus celebrity spokespersons in advertisements. Journal of consumer Marketing, 9(4), 45-51.
    Upshaw, L. B. a. Taylor, E.L. (2000). The Masterbrand Mandate. New York: John Wiley & Son.
    Vaughn, R. (1986). How Advertising Works: A Planning Model Revisited. Journal Of Advertising Research, 26(1), 57.
    Wansink, B. (2000). Brand revitalization scorecard. Brand Marketing, 78.
    Zaichowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the Involvement Construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.

    貳、 中文文獻
    練乃華 (1990). 推薦式廣告之溝通效果研究, 國立台灣大學商學研究所, 臺北市.
    邱志聖 (2008). 行銷研究實務與理論應用. 台北: 智勝文化.
    邱志聖 (2010). 策略行銷分析:架構與實務運用. 台北市: 智勝文化

    QR CODE
    :::