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研究生: 鍾博仁
Chung, Po-Jen
論文名稱: 再論道德相對主義與寬容的關係:以黃百銳 (David Wong) 為例
Rethinking the Relation Between Moral Relativism and Tolerance: The Case of David Wong
指導教授: 馬愷之
Kai Marchal
口試委員: 王華
王榮麟
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 文學院 - 哲學系
Department of Philosophy
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 116
中文關鍵詞: 道德相對主義寬容黃百銳多元相對主義協調的價值
外文關鍵詞: Moral Relativism, Tolerance, David Wong, Pluralistic Relativism, Value of accommodation
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202101537
相關次數: 點閱:60下載:31
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  •   本文以概念間的關係,來處理道德相對主義與寬容的關聯性問題。本文區分出大眾直覺、證成論、心理學的解釋、構成論、無關論、單純相容論及不相容論七種立場。並指出要確立何種立場勝出,必須先釐清道德相對主義與寬容兩個概念各自的內容。
      在道德相對主義的部分,本文區分實踐上與理論上的道德相對主義,前者包括論戰中的道德爭議、多元的道德信念與距離的相對主義;後者則強調不存在單一為真的道德系統。
      在寬容的部分,本文引用麥金儂 (Catriona McKinnon) 與佛斯特 (Rainer Forst) 的定義,提出寬容的證成的困難、心理的困難與劃下界線的悖論。為了解決這些問題,除了考察了價值多元論、羅爾斯的合理性論述、海依德 (David Heyd) 的觀點轉移論,本文集中討論黃百銳 (David Wong) 如何透過引入證成原則來詮釋道德相對主義與寬容的關聯性,並批評其論述有不連續性的問題,以及證成原則本身的普遍性問題。
      故本文另外以黃百銳後期的多元相對主義與協調的價值作為構成論的一種範例,回應道德相對主義與寬容的關聯性問題。並指出構成論能夠作為道德相對主義與寬容之關係的一種可能性。


    壹、前言 1
    一、研究動機 1
    二、研究目的 3
    (一)「關係」的討論 3
    (二)各種版本的關係 5
    (三)研究目的 9
    三、研究方法 9
    貳、道德相對主義的背景、主張與合理性 9
    一、實踐上的道德相對主義 10
    (一)背景 10
    (二)主張 13
    (三)合理性 20
    二、理論上的道德相對主義 28
    (一)背景 28
    (二)主張 32
    (三)合理性 40
    三、結語:道德相對主義的實踐蘊含 (practical implication) 47
    參、寬容或縱容?論寬容的困難與相關的解決方案 48
    一、寬容的概念 48
    (一)實踐處境中的寬容問題 49
    (二)寬容的定義 53
    二、如何解決寬容的困難? 60
    (一)解釋寬容的情境 60
    (二)解決證成的困難或心理的困難 64

    三、再論寬容與道德相對主義的關係 76
    肆、黃百銳的多元相對主義 78
    一、多元相對主義的定義 78
    二、方法論式自然主義 80
    (一)方法論式自然主義的主張 80
    (二)自然主義的合理性 82
    三、合適性道德的限制:普遍與在地的標準 (universal and local constraints) 85
    (一)道德的功能 85
    (二)合適性道德的普遍限制 87
    (三)合適性道德的在地限制 91
    四、協調的價值 92
    (一)背景說明 92
    (二)什麼是協調的價值? 93
    五、結論 98
    伍、結論:多元相對主義作為構成論的合理性與質疑 99
    一、構成論詮釋的核心主張 99
    二、構成論的合理性 100
    (一)寬容與協調的價值的關聯性 100
    (二)構成論本身是否成立 103
    (三)構成論如何回應其他負面關係的批評 108
    三、結語 110
    參考文獻 111

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