Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Chapter One Introduction ................................. 1
1.1 Set ting the Target ................................1
1.2 A Discourse Model . .................................. 2
1.3 The Data ................................ 4
1.4 Phonological and Graphic Distinctions ................................ 6
1.4.1 'A1' and 'a2' ................................ 6
1.4.2 'Ma1' and 'ma2' ................................ 8
1.4.3 'La1' and 'la2' ................................ 9
1.4.4 '01 ' , '02 ' and '03' ................................ 13
1.4.5 'Ne' and 'lei' ................................. 16
1.4.6 'Ye' and e ' ................................ 16
1.4.7 'Lo' ................................ 17
1.5 Transcription Conventions ................................ 17
Chapter Two 'A1' Marker of Response ................................19
2.1 Questions ................................ 20
2.2 The Declarative ................................. 25
2.3 Requests ................................ 33
2.4 'A1' in the Idea Structure ................................ 36
2.5 The Recursive Use of 'a1' ................................ 45
2.6 Statistics and Summarization ................................ 54
Chapter Three 'Hal' Marker of Information Transition ................................ 57
3.1 Information State ................................ 58
3.2 'Mal' in the Idea Structure ................................ 65
3.3 'Mal' in the Exchange Structure................................ 74
3.4 Statistics and Summarization ................................ 78
Chapter Four 'Lal' Marker of Speaker Adjustment ................................83
4.1 Information Clarification ................................ 85
4.2 Evaluation ................................ 105
4.3 The Subsidiary Idea ................................ 113
4.4 Statistics and Summarization ................................121
Chapter Five 'Ne' Marker of Contrast ................................123
5.1 The Truncated Question ................................ 123
5.2 Contrasted Ideas ................................ 131
5 . 3 Compared Ideas ................................ 141
5.4 Questions................................146
5.5 Statistics and Summarization................................ 154
Chapter Six Other SFPs as Discourse Markers ................................155
6.1 'Ye'................................155
6.2 '01'................................ 169
6.3 '02' ................................ 173
6.4 '03' ................................ 178
6.5 'Ma2'................................187
6.6 'Ba' ................................ 192
6.7 'A2'................................ 199
6.8 'La2' ................................ 211
6.9 'Lo' ................................ 216
Chapter Seven Conclusion ................................ 223
7.1 The Mechanism of Discourse................................223
7.2 The Distribution of Labor ................................ 227
Reference ................................ 241
Appendix ................................ 242