台灣海峽具備優質風力資源，政府設定了 2050 年離岸風力發電裝置容量達 40 GW 至 55 GW 的目標。然而，隨著台灣的大規模發展，不僅引發傳統漁業的生計衝突，也帶來施工噪音干擾鯨豚與鳥類撞擊風險等生態挑戰。
為破解困境，本研究採取文獻分析法與比較分析法，說明全球離岸風力發電先驅——英國與荷蘭的政策及實務經驗。在漁業政策方面，英國在離岸風力發電廠規劃初期即將漁業衝擊納入考量，主動為漁民尋找替代漁場及僱用當地漁船作為調查船，並使用輪作收穫管理模式，推動風力發電廠多用途空間規劃；荷蘭則引入區域護照機制，以對海域當前與未來的用途進行全方位考量。在生態環境政策方面，英國推動由政府主導的策略性補償措施與設立海洋復育基金，並興建近岸人工築巢結構以保護脆弱海鳥；荷蘭則實證出複合式減噪模式能有效縮減打樁噪音的生態衝擊範圍，並主動部署人工礁石及建立鳥類限制措施。
本研究認為台灣應借鑑英國與荷蘭之政策與經驗，在現行的政策基礎上，進一步優化政策設計與制度彈性，以更完善的政策體制達成產業開發、地方共生與環境保育的平衡。

The Taiwan Strait possesses excellent wind resources, and the government has set a target for offshore wind power to reach 40 GW to 55 GW of installed capacity by 2050. However, with the large-scale development in Taiwan , this expansion has not only triggered livelihood conflicts with traditional fisheries but also brought ecological challenges such as construction noise disturbing cetaceans and bird collision risks.
To overcome these dilemmas, this study adopts literature analysis and comparative analysis to examine the policies and practical experiences of global offshore wind power pioneers—the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. In terms of fisheries policy, the United Kingdom considers fisheries impacts during the initial planning stages of offshore wind farms, actively identifying alternative fishing grounds for fishermen, employing local fishing vessels as survey boats, and utilizing a rotational harvest management model to promote multi-use spatial planning for wind farms. Meanwhile, the Netherlands introduces an area-passport mechanism to fully consider both the current and future uses of the sea space. Regarding ecological and environmental policies, the United Kingdom promotes government-led strategic compensatory measures, establishes a Marine Recovery Fund, and constructs nearshore artificial nesting structures to protect vulnerable seabirds. On the other hand, the Netherlands demonstrates that a combined noise reduction model can effectively shrink the area impacted by piling noise, while also actively deploying artificial rock reefs and establishing bird curtailment measures.
This study concludes that Taiwan should draw upon the policies and experiences of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Building on the existing policy foundation, Taiwan should further optimize policy design and institutional flexibility, thereby establishing a more comprehensive policy framework to achieve a balance among industrial development, local co-existence, and environmental conservation.

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