| 研究生: |
黃敏雄 Huang, Min-Syong |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
如何把目光抓回電視廣告?電視廣告背景音樂在媒介多工情境下的注意力轉換效果初探 |
| 指導教授: |
張郁敏
Chang, Yu-Miin |
| 口試委員: |
林芝璇
Lin, Jhih-Syuan 黃毓超 Huang, Yu-Chao |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
傳播學院 - 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 Master's Program of Communication |
| 論文出版年: | 2020 |
| 畢業學年度: | 109 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 69 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 媒介多工 、媒體多工 、廣告效果 、資訊處理 、工作記憶 、廣告背景音樂熟悉度 、廣告訊息處理干擾 、廣告注意力 、品牌態度 、資訊處理模型 、推敲可能性模型 |
| DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202100339 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:126 下載:58 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
媒介多工至今仍然是傳播學門炙手可熱的課題,是有必要持續探討媒介多 工情境下,年輕消費者的廣告效果,以及找出與以往單一媒體情境時的差異, 進一步尋找出年輕消費者在媒介多工情境下,得以增加廣告效果的方法,本研究預期透過音樂的方式,提高年輕消費者在媒介多工情境時,接觸到目標電視廣告的「機會」,進而提高年輕消費者對目標電視廣告的品牌態度。
本研究整合資訊處理模型與推敲可能性模型,利用實驗法共招收 84 份有效 樣本。經分析結果顯示,媒體多工或單一媒體使用情境並不會影響電視廣告訊 息處理機會、電視廣告訊息處理機會也不會影響電視廣告注意力、電視廣告注意力也不會影響品牌態度;且廣告背景音樂熟悉度並不會調節不同媒體使用情境對電視廣告訊息之處理干擾,進而也不影響目標電視廣告注意力與品牌態度。因此,本研究歸納學術結論,認為無論在何種媒體情境下,廣告訊息處理干擾如果都偏低,可能推翻過往研究的結論;歸納實務結論,認為廣告音樂或許不必購買耳熟能詳而昂貴的音樂,符合品牌調性及匹配廣告整題呈現才或許是首要的挑選要旨。
建議未來研究可以將認知資源與資訊處理之相關研究套用在媒介多工情境中,或許能找到一個成功調節的因子,進而影響到廣告注意力與品牌態度,讓電視廣告得以重拾正處媒介多工情境下的消費者之目光。
第一章 緒論 p.7
第一節 研究背景 p.7
第二節 研究目的 p.10
第二章 文獻探討 p.12
第一節 資訊處理過程與工作記憶 p.12
第二節 資訊處理過程與推敲可能性模型 p.15
第三節 動機能力機會與媒介多工 p.19
第四節 媒體多工中音樂熟悉度的調節效果 p.22
第三章 研究方法 p.25
第一節 研究架構 p.25
第二節 實驗設計與變項操弄 p.25
第三節 實驗刺激物之前測 p.27
第四節 正式實驗 p.33
第四章 資料分析 p.44
第一節 樣本輪廓 p.44
第二節 研究假設檢驗 p.47
第五章 研究結果與討論 p.52
第一節 各變項討論 p.52
第二節 學術與實務貢獻 p.55
第三節 研究限制與未來建議 p.57
參考書目 p.61
網路資料 p.68
附錄一、前測音樂連結 p.69
附錄二、前測問卷 p.69
附錄三、正式實驗影片連結 p.69
附錄四、正式實驗問卷 p.69
中文部分 吳京一、童麗珠(2017)。〈簡介工作記憶及其腦內機制〉,《科學教育月刊》,398:2-12。
林慧斐(2014)。〈聽覺與視覺置入一致性對行動廣告回憶與態度效果之探討〉,《資料社會學研究》,27:58-89。
張郁敏(2015)。〈跨世代行動上網與電視並用行為與動機〉,《新聞學研究》,124:83-116。
徐明佑(2016)。《完全媒體多工與非同時性綜效的比較》。國立政治大學廣告學系碩士論文。
吳淑鶯、彭康達(2010)。〈消費者對航空公司的品牌知曉, 認知品質與知覺價值在品牌態度及購買意願上之影響〉,《中華管理評論國際學報》,13(2)。
鍾育明、黃樸生(2016)。〈品牌故事功能對顧客廣告態度與品牌態度之影響—兼論品牌知名度之干擾角色〉,《北商學報》, (27-30):47-79。
Alexomanolaki, M., Loveday, C., Kennett, C. J. M., Sound,, & Image, t. M. (2007). Music and memory in advertising: Music as a device of implicit learning and recall. 1(1), 51-71.
Allan, D. (2006). Effects of popular music in advertising on attention and memory. 46(4), 434-444.
Allan, D. (2008). A content analysis of music placement in prime-time television advertising. 48(3), 404-417.
Alzahabi, R., Becker, M. W., Hambrick, D. Z. J. J. o. e. p. h. p., & performance. (2017). Investigating the relationship between media multitasking and processes involved in task-switching. 43(11), 1872.
Angell, R., Gorton, M., Sauer, J., Bottomley, P., & White, J. J. J. o. A. (2016). Don't distract me when I'm media multitasking: Toward a theory for raising advertising recall and recognition. 45(2), 198-210.
Armstrong, G. B., & Chung, L. J. C. R. (2000). Background television and reading memory in context: Assessing TV interference and facilitative context effects on encoding versus retrieval processes. 27(3), 327-352.
Atkinson, A. L., Berry, E. D., Waterman, A. H., Baddeley, A. D., Hitch, G. J., & Allen, R. J. J. A. o. t. N. Y. A. o. S. (2018). Are there multiple ways to direct attention in working memory? , 1424(1), 115-126.
Baddeley. (1983). Working memory. 302(1110), 311-324.
Baddeley. (2003). Working memory: looking back and looking forward. 4(10), 829.
Baker, W., Hutchinson, J., Moore, D., & Nedungadi, P. J. A. N. A. A. (1986).
Brand familiarity and advertising: effects on the evoked set and brand preference.
Barden, J., Petty, R. E. J. J. o. p., & psychology, s. (2008). The mere perception of elaboration creates attitude certainty: Exploring the thoughtfulness heuristic. 95(3), 489-509.
Bardhi, F., Rohm, A. J., & Sultan, F. J. J. o. C. B. (2010). Tuning in and tuning out: Media multitasking among young consumers. 9(4), 316-332.
Baumgartner, S. E., van der Schuur, W. A., Lemmens, J. S., & te Poel, F. (2017).
The Relationship Between Media Multitasking and Attention Problems in Adolescents: Results of Two Longitudinal Studies. Human Communication Research. doi:10.1111/hcre.12111
Brasel, S. A., Gips, J. J. C., Behavior,, & Networking, S. (2011). Media multitasking behavior: Concurrent television and computer usage. 14(9), 527-534.
Chang. (2017). The influence of media multitasking on the impulse to buy: A moderated mediation model. 70, 60-66.
Chang. (2018). Perceived message consistency: Explicating how brand messages being processed across multiple online media. 85, 125-134.
Chang, & Thorson, E. J. J. o. A. (2004). Television and web advertising synergies. 33(2), 75-84.
Chinchanachokchai, S., Duff, B. R., & Sar, S. J. C. i. H. B. (2015). The effect of multitasking on time perception, enjoyment, and ad evaluation. 45, 185-191.
Clapp, W. C., Rubens, M. T., Sabharwal, J., & Gazzaley, A. J. P. o. t. N. A. o. S. (2011). Deficit in switching between functional brain networks underlies the impact of multitasking on working memory in older adults. 108(17), 7212-7217.
Fransen, M. L., Smit, E. G., & Verlegh, P. W. J. F. i. p. (2015). Strategies and motives for resistance to persuasion: an integrative framework. 6, 1201.
Gonzalez, M. F., & Aiello, J. R. (2019). More than meets the ear: Investigating how music affects cognitive task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 25(3), 431.
Ha, H. Y., & Perks, H. J. J. o. C. B. A. I. R. R. (2005). Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: Brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust. 4(6), 438-452.
Halkias, G., & Kokkinaki, F. J. J. o. A. (2014). The degree of ad–brand incongruity and the distinction between schema-driven and stimulus-driven attitudes. 43(4), 397-409.
Henning, B., & Vorderer, P. J. J. o. C. (2001). Psychological escapism: Predicting the amount of television viewing by need for cognition. 51(1), 100-120. Hirschman, E. C. J. J. o. A. (1986). The effect of verbal and pictorial advertising stimuli on aesthetic, utilitarian and familiarity perceptions. 15(2), 27-34. Holbrook, M. B., & O'Shaughnessy, J. (1984). The role of emotion in advertising. Psychology & Marketing, 1(2), 45-64.
Hsieh, Y. C., & Chen, K. H. (2011). How different information types affect viewer’s attention on internet advertising. Computers in human Behavior, 27(2), 935-945.
Jeong, S.-H., & Fishbein, M. J. M. P. (2007). Predictors of multitasking with media: Media factors and audience factors. 10(3), 364-384.
Jeong, S.-H., & Hwang, Y. J. J. o. C. (2012). Does multitasking increase or decrease persuasion? Effects of multitasking on comprehension and counterarguing. 62(4), 571-587.
Jeong, S.-H., & Hwang, Y. J. M. P. (2015). Multitasking and persuasion: The role of structural interference. 18(4), 451-474.
Kasriri, F. (2015). The impact of non-lyrical Iranian traditional music on reading comprehension performance of Iranian EFL learners: The case of gender, attitude, and familiarity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 157- 162.
Kazakova, S., Cauberghe, V., Hudders, L., & Labyt, C. J. J. o. A. (2016). The impact of media multitasking on the cognitive and attitudinal responses to television commercials: The moderating role of type of advertising appeal. 45 (4), 403-416.
Kellaris, J. J., Cox, A. D., & Cox, D. (1993). The effect of background music on ad processing: A contingency explanation. Journal of Marketing, 57(4), 114-125.
Kellaris, J. J., & Rice, R. C. (1993). The influence of tempo, loudness, and gender of listener on responses to music. Psychology & Marketing, 10(1), 15-29.
Koch, I., Lawo, V., Fels, J., & Vorländer, M. (2011). Switching in the cocktail party: Exploring intentional control of auditory selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37(4), 1140.
Kononova, A. G., Yuan, S. J. J., & Educator, M. C. (2017). Take a break: Examining college students’ media multitasking activities and motivations during study-or work-related tasks. 72(2), 183-197.
Lachman, R., Lachman, J. L., & Butterfield, E. C. (2015). Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction: Psychology Press.
Lang, A. J. J. o. c. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. 50(1), 46-70.
Maclnnis, D. J., Moorman, C., & Jaworski, B. J. J. J. o. m. (1991). Enhancing and measuring consumers’ motivation, opportunity, and ability to process brand information from ads. 55(4), 32-53.
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving (Vol. 104): Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In Communication and persuasion (pp. 1-24): Springer.
Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. J. J. o. c. r. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement. 10(2), 135-146.
Peters, S., & Leshner, G. (2013). Get in the game: The effects of game‐ product congruity and product placement proximity on game players’ processing of brands embedded in advergames. Journal of Advertising, 42, 113–130.
Pilotta, J. J., & Schultz, D. J. J. o. A. R. (2005). Simultaneous media experience and synesthesia. 45(1), 19-26.
Reynolds, J., McClelland, A., & Furnham, A. (2014). An investigation of cognitive test performance across conditions of silence, background noise and music as a function of neuroticism. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 27(4), 410-421.
Shevy, M., & Hung, K. J. T. p. o. m. i. m. (2013). Music in television advertising and other persuasive media. 311-334.
Schmitt, B. (2012). The consumer psychology of brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22, 7-17.
Solomon, M.R. (2009). Consumer Behavior Buying, Having and Being. 8th ed, New Jersey: Pearson education.
Multidimensions of media multitasking and adaptive media selection. 41(1), 102-127.
Wickens, C. D. J. T. i. i. e. s. (2002). Multiple resources and performance prediction. 3(2), 159-177.
Vashist, D. (2018). Effect of product involvement and brand prominence on advergamers’ brand recall and brand attitude in an emerging market context. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics.
Vashisht, D., & Pillai, S. S. (2016). Are they really persuaded with the brand
embedded in the game? Analyzing the effects of nature of game, brand prominence and game‐product congruence. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10, 249–264.
Zhang, W., & Zhang, L. J. C. i. H. B. (2012). Explicating multitasking with computers: Gratifications and situations. 28(5), 1883-1891.
網路資料
臺灣傳播調查資料庫(2018)。【產業動態】有線電視收視戶銳減,今年超過10萬戶剪線。http://www.crctaiwan.nctu.edu.tw/industrynews_detail.asp?IN_ID=5556
動腦雜誌(2019)。Grow up 像你的樣 Mercedes-Benz 的創新盛宴。https://www.brain.com.tw/news/articlecontent?ID=47441#i5GnWESy
國家通訊傳播委員會(2018)。107 年度電視使用行為及滿意度調查研究報告。https://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/files/19052/4007_41451_190520_1.pdf
國家通訊傳播委員會(2017)。〈電視使用行為及滿意度調查報告〉。https://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/files/17100/3500_36044_171006_1.pdf
資策會FIND(2017)。調查:七成民眾看電視+滑手機 男生愛打電玩、女生購物。https://finance.ettoday.net/news/905714?redirect=1
科技新報(2019)。MOD 揮別 14 年虧損,中華電:2019 年全年可轉盈。https://technews.tw/2019/09/18/mod-could-turn-into-profit-for-the-whole-year/
凱洛媒體(2017)。專題報告: 2017 年廣告量報告。https://twncarat.wordpress.com/2018/03/29/專題報告:-2017 年廣告量報告/
台灣數位媒體應用暨行銷協會(2019)。2019 台灣數位廣告量統計報告。https://www.wavenet.com.tw/news/dma2019-台灣數位廣告量統計報告/