1. Introduction.

The question on the character of Marxism was first raised by the reformist In late 1984, with the purpose of strengthening the position of the reformist. The debates over the definition of socialism for China refer to the concept of a "Socialism with Chinese Characteristics " and the theory of a "Preliminary stage of Socialism".

The reintrepretation on Marxism was originally intended to help justify the reform program began in the late 1970s.

During the debates, it is interesting to onte that most of the liberal intellectuals have lost their faith in Marxism and Socialism in China. Some theorists, who may still have confidence in Marxism, have showed no intrest in the rigid methods of studying Marxism experimented in Mao’s period.

2.Different aspects of The Reinterpretation .

China’s shift to a market economy or socialist commodity economy is not part of classic Marxism. Marx envisioned a system in which money becomes unnecessary and failed to understand that selling, buying and the laws of supply and demand are essential part of a socialist economy. A real Marxist must constantly test Marx's principles and discard those which go against today’s reality. (1)

China must restudy the theories concerning the building of nation, government and party, because these are something Marx failed to envisioned. (2) Among others, Stalin's monism of interest should be replaced by pluralism of interests of economic, social and political fields.

Marxism should not be dogmatic. Academic debates on Marxism should not involve class struggle in China. On academic freedom, everyone equal before truth. (3)

The respect for human freedom and liberation of human beings are the most essential parts of Marxists theories .But in the reality of China, what Marx envisioned does not come true because of a trend of collectivisation. (4)

Prof. Fang Lizhi dismissed Marxism as "obsolete". There can be no economic development without a parallel development of democracy. He declared that Marxism as "useless", saying that he has lost faith in Marxism and the Communist Party. "Philosophically it is backward, "he points out," As for socialist theory, experience has proven it a failure. (5)

Unlike the liberal scholars, Li Binyan is still optimstic toward Socialism. "Socialism is the only road that China will pursue, "said Liu in a interview, "because Capitalism is characterized by social injustice." He thinks that the experiments in China in the past are only "pseudo-socialism . "According to him, a real socialism must be characterized by humanitarianism, respect for human dignity, and freedom of the people -to understand the real situation and to criticize the leadership . When asked what would be pursued in the political reforms, he answered; "The more democracy we have, the better socialism will be." (6)

Taking an overall point of view on Marxism in China, some intellectuals thinks that the ruling ideology in today's China is neither western Marxim nor the soviet style Marxism-Lennism ,not Maoist Marxism characterized as by class analysis, but structurally Confucianized value system which is only expressed in the context of

Marxism . (7) In the process of selectively absorbing and sinicizing Marxism, China's own value system will remain largely intact because of what he calls the "super-stable-structure" in culture.

3.Conclusion.

Most importantly, the debates over Marxism have shown that freedom and democracy advocated by Chinese theorists are much closer to those defined in the West, rather than those defined in the Marxists ' perspective. During the debates, freedom, capitalistic productivity and market system have gradually become the significant value of many intellectuals.

The loss of confidence in Marxism among Chinese intellectuals also led to a phenomenon in which many scholars maintain a pessimistic attitude toward the reform program, even though most of them are still optimistic toward the future of China.

(NOTES)

(1) Int'l Herald Tribune, January 5-6,1985,p.5.

(2) Dagong Bao(Hong Kong), septembre 17,1986,p.2.

(3) Su Shaozhi, "Several Prob lems concerning Letting a Hundred Schools of Thought Contend"Guangming Ri Bao, October 21,1985,p .5.

(4) Su Shaozhi and Wang Yizhou,"A new understanding of Socialism" Wenhui Baa (Hong Kong),December 24-25,1986,p.4 .

(5) Fang Lizhi, "China's despair and China's. hope", China Times (Taipei) February 11,1989,p .3.

(6) Liu Binyan's interview with a correspondent from Wenhui Baa (Hong Kong), August 6,1989,p .5.

(7) Jin Guantao, "The Confucianized Marxism In the Contemporary China, "china Times (Taipei ),August 30-31,1988, p.18.

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