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| 研究生： |
徐富寬 Hsu ,Fu-Kuan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
Improving SCTP End-to-End Performance in Wireless Network 改善SCTP協定於無線網路中點對點效能之研究 |
| 指導教授： | 張宏慶 |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
理學院 - 資訊科學系 |
| 論文出版年： | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度： | 94 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 62 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | SCTP, Changeover |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：110 下載：0 |
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SCTP (Steam Control Transmission Protocol)是由IETF[2]提出在傳輸層的新機制。SCTP像TCP一樣提供擁塞控制機制(congestion control mechanism)。此外，SCTP提供Multi-Homing和Multi-Streaming兩個TCP所缺乏的重要機制。然而，SCTP和TCP一樣無法分辨當快速重傳機制(Fast-Rtx)或是Timeout機制啟動時，packet-loss發生的真正原因，如瞬間的通道錯誤或因網路擁塞引起的封包拋棄。於此，SCTP會不正確地啟動擁塞控制機制來防止網路擁塞狀況的持續惡化。
本篇論文目的在於改善SCTP在無線網路所遭遇效能低落的問題。我們提出三種解決問題的機制，分別是SCTP-EnhancedProbing、SCTP-Duplicate 及SCTP-Changeover。SCTP-EnhancedProbing機制是一種點對點的方法，用以判斷packet-loss發生的真正原因。SCTP-Duplicate機制則藉由multi-homing機制來幫助提升SCTP-EnhancedProbing機制的效能。SCTP-Changeover機制則是一個必要的方法來補足SCTP-Duplicate機制所引發的問題，以提供良好的改善方案。最後，我們將利用網路模擬器NS-2 (Network Simulator ver. 2)來驗證並評估我們所提出三種方法的效能。
SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is a new proposed mechanism by IETF [2] at the transport layer. SCTP has similar congestion control mechanism as that in TCP, and embeds multi-homing and multi-streaming mechanisms that are not offered by TCP. However, SCTP can’t identify exactly whether the cause of packet-loss is from transient channel error or congestion error as fast-transmission or timeout is triggered. SCTP will thus invoke congestion control mechanism incorrectly.
The objective of the thesis is to improve the performance of SCTP which suffers performance degradation in a wireless network. We propose SCTP-EnhancedProbing, SCTP-Duplicate and SCTP-Changeover three mechanisms for this end. SCTP-EnhancedProbing is an end-to-end mechanism used to identify the cause of packet-loss. SCTP-Duplicate employs the multi-homing feature to enhance SCTP-EnhancedProbing performance. SCTP-Changeover is a necessary complement to SCTP-Duplicate mechanism. Moreover, the proposed SCTP-Changeover is an effective solution to the changeover problem in SCTP.
At last, we verify and evaluate the performances of the three proposed mechanisms using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), respectively.
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................1
1.1 Motivation.....................................................................................................................1
1.2 Contribution of the Research........................................................................................2
1.3 Thesis Organization......................................................................................................2
Chapter 2 Background and Related Works.................................................................................3
2.1 Overview of SCTP........................................................................................................3
2.1.1 Multi-homing.....................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Association Phases.............................................................................................6
2.1.3 Moible SCTP......................................................................................................8
2.1.3.1 M-SCTP IP Configuration......................................................................8
2.1.4 SCTP Protocol –Recommended Parameter Values.........................................10
2.1.5 Fault Management............................................................................................11
2.1.5.1 Endpoint Failure Detection...................................................................11
2.1.5.2 Path Failure Detection...........................................................................11
2.1.5.3 Failure Detection...................................................................................12
2.1.6 Congestion Control Mechanism in SCTP........................................................13
2.2 Related Work of SCTP-EnhancedProbing..................................................................15
2.2.1 Problems of TCP-Probing.. .............................................................................16
2.3 Related Work of SCTP-Duplicate...............................................................................17
2.4 Related Work of SCTP-Changeover...........................................................................19
2.4.1 Problems of Changeover in SCTP...................................................................19
2.4.2 Relative Researches on Changeover................................................................21
2.4.2.1 C-CACC Algorithm..............................................................................22
2.4.2.2 SFP-CACC Algorithm..........................................................................22
Chapter 3 Proposed Mechanisms..............................................................................................24
3.1 SCTP-EnhancedProbing Mechanism..........................................................................24
3.1.1 New Probing Chunk in SCTP..........................................................................24
3.1.2 Differences between TCP and SCTP...............................................................25
3.1.3 Action of SCTP-EnhancedProbing..................................................................25
3.1.4 Procedure of 2 Level Suspend Probing States.................................................27
3.1.5 The Congestion Control Mechanism of SCTP-EnhancedProbing...................28
3.2 SCTP-Duplicate Mechanism.......................................................................................29
3.3 SCTP-Changeover Mechanism...................................................................................30
3.3.1 Proposed Scheme.............................................................................................30
3.3.2 The Algorithm of Block Based SCTP-Changeover.........................................31
Chapter 4 Simulation and Evaluation.......................................................................................34
4.1 Simulation Tool and module.......................................................................................34
4.2 Simulation and Analysis.............................................................................................34
4.2.1 SCTP-EnhancedProbing Mechanism..............................................................34
4.2.1.1 Discussion.............................................................................................43
4.2.2 SCTP-Duplicate Mechanism...........................................................................44
4.2.3 SCTP-Changeover Mechanism........................................................................51
4.2.3.1 Evaluation.............................................................................................54
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work...................................................................................59
5.1 Conclusion..................................................................................................................59
5.2 Future Work................................................................................................................59
Reference..................................................................................................................................61
[1] Randall R. Stewart, Qiaobing Xie, 2001, “Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) A Reference Guide“, November 2001, Addison Wesley.
[2] Stewart, R., Xie, Q., Morneault, K., Sharp, C.,Schwarzbauer, H., Taylor, T., Rytina, I., Kalla, M.,Zhang, L. and V. Paxson, 2000, "Stream Control Transmission Protocol", RFC 2960, October 2000.
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[4] R. Stewart, et al., “Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) dynamic address reconfiguration,” draft-ietf-tsvwg-addip-sctp-07.txt, issued Feb. 2003, work in progress.
[5] W. Xing, H. Karl, and A. Wolisz, 2002, “M-SCTP: design and prototypical implementation of an End-to-End mobility concept,” in Proc. 5th Intl Workshop: The Internet Challenge: Technology and Applications, Berlin, Germany, Oct. 2002.
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[7] L. Coene, IETF Issued: June 2003, “Multihoming issues in the Stream Control Transmission Protocol, draft-coene-sctp-multihome-04.txt”, 2003
[8] M. Riegel and M. Tuexen. Mobile SCTP. Internet draft draft-riegel-tuexen-mobile-sctp-00.txt (work in progress), February 2002.
[9] Haowei Bai, Shaojian Fu and Mohammed Atiquzzaman, 2004, “Transport Layer Design In Mobile Wireless Network”.
[10] Vassilios Tsaoussidis, Hussein Badr, 2000,”TCP-Probing: Towards an Error Control Schema with Energy and Throughput Performance Gains”, International Conference on Network Protocol (ICNP 2000)
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[12] Janardhan R. Iyengar, Armando L. Caro Jr., Paul D. Amer, Gerard J. Heinz, Randall Stewart , 2002, “SCTP Congestion Window Overgrowth During Changeover”
, SCI 2002, July 2002.
[13] Janardhan R. Iyengar, Armando L. Caro Jr., Paul D. Amer, Gerard J. Heinz, Randall Stewart,2003, “Making SCTP More Robust to Changeover” , SPECTS 2003, July 2003, Montreal, Canada.
[14] Armando L. Caro Jr, Paul D. Amer, Randall R. Stewart, 2004, “End-To-End Failover Thresholds For Transport Layer Multihoming”, MILCOM 2004.
[15] Claudio Casetti, Mario Gerla, Saverio Mascolo, M. Y. Sanadidi and Ren Wang, 2002, “TCP-Westwood: End-to-End Congestion Control for Wired/Wireless Networks” Wireless Network Journal, Volume 8 Issue 5.
[16] The Network Simulator ns-2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.
[17] SCTP Module, http://pel.cis.udel.edu
[18] A. Jungmaier, E. Rathgeb, and M. Tuxen.,2002, “On the use of SCTP in failover-scenarios”, In SCI 2002, Orlando, FL, July 2002
[19]H.Balakrishnan, S.Seshan, E.Amir and R. H. Katz., 1995, “Improving TCP/IP Performance Over Wireless Networks”, In Proceedings of ACM MOBICOM, Aug. 1995
[20] H.Balakrishnan, and R. H. Katz., 1998, “Explicit Loss Notification and Wireless Web Performance”, In Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM, Aug. 1998
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